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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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If the TLC is increased, what is this condition called? At what level is this considered abnormal?
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Hyperinflation
Over 120% |
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If the residual volume is increased, what is this condition called? What broad spectrum of lung problems have this happening?
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Air trapping
Obstructive lung disorders |
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What spirometric values are abnormal in obstructive pathology?
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FEV1/FVC
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What does spirometry of obstructive lungs look like?
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Early peak on the curve, then you start to see a slowing of flow -> airway collapse
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What does a volume/time curve for obsturctive pathology look like?
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Much smaller initial slope; smaller FEV1
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What does a volume/time curve for obsturctive pathology look like?
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Much smaller initial slope; smaller FEV1
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What does spirometry of restrictive disease look like?
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A smaller overall curve; decreased FVC
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What is the gold standard for obstructive lung diseases?
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FEV1/FVC
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What is the normal level for FEV1/FVC?
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>80%
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What is the differential diagnosis for an obstructive lung defect?
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Asthma
COPD Bronchiectasis Obliterative Bronchiolitis Upper airway obstruction |
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Is asthma obstructive or restrictive?
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Obstructive
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Is COPD obstructive or restrictive?
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Obstructive
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Is bronchiectasis obstructive or restrictive?
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Obstructive
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Is obliterative bronchiolitis obstructive or restrictive?
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Obstructive
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Is upper airway obstruction obstructive or restrictive?
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Obstructive
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What is the gold standard for the diagnosis of restrictive pathology of the lung?
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TLC!
NOT ANY RATIO! JUST SIMPLY, HOW BIG IS THE LUNG! |
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If FVC is < 80% what class of lung pathologies should come to mind?
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Restrictive pathologies
Note: this is not definitive! Only TLC tells you for sure! |
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What is the differential diagnosis for restrictive defects of the lungs?
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PAINT:
P: pleural disease A: abdominal processes I: interstitial diseases N: neuromuscular diseases T: thoracic cage abnormalities |
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What does P stand for in PAINT? Is this associated with restrictive or obstructive disorders?
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Pleural disease:
Effusion Fibrosis Mesothelioma Restrictive |
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What does A stand for in PAINT? Is this associated with restrictive or obstructive disorders?
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Abdominal processes
Ascites Preggers Obesity Restrictive |
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What does I stand for in PAINT? Is this associated with restrictive or obstructive disorders?
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Interstitial diseases:
IPF Sarcoidosis CHF Hypersensitivit Collagen vascular diseases Restrictive |
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Other than restriction, what is seen with interstitial diseases?
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Limitation of diffusion capacity
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What does N stand for in PAINT? Is this associated with restrictive or obstructive disorders?
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Neuromuscular diseases
ALS Guillain-Barre Myasthenia gravis Phrenic nerve paralysis Poly, dermamyositis Restrictive |
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What does T stand for in PAINT? Is this associated with restrictive or obstructive disorders?
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Thoracic cage abnormalities
Severe kyphosis Scholiosis |
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What are two ways to measure total lung capacity?
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Plethysmography
Gas dilution |
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What is the problem with gas dilution in the measurement of TLC?
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If the patient has severe obstructive disease, you won't get accurate results.
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How is DLCO measured?
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1. Have patient inhale a known amount of CO
2. Wait 10 seconds, exhale to RV 3. Measure exhaled CO 4. Calculate DLCO |
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If DLCO is low, what is on your differnetial?
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Decreased alveolar surface area for gas exchange
Decreased capillary blood volume Increased barrier thickness for diffusion Anemia |
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What does spirometry of variable intrathoracic upper airway obstruction look like?
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What does the spirometry of variable extrathoracic upper airway obstruction look like?
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What does the spirometry of variable extrathoracic upper airway obstruction look like?
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What does the spirometry of variable extrathoracic upper airway obstruction look like?
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What does the spirometry of variable extrathoracic upper airway obstruction look like?
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What does the spirometry of variable extrathoracic upper airway obstruction look like?
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What does the spirometry of a fixed upper airway obstruction look like?
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What kind of patients would have a positive response to bronchodilator challenge?
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Asthmatics
Their airways open up in response to a bronchodilator |
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What is the impact of obesity on pulmonary mechanics?
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Reduction in FEV
Reduction in FVC |
