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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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oratory
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art or practice of formal speaking
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rhetoric
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art of effective persuasive speaking
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deliberative
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speech given in political contexts
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epideictic
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speech delivered in special ceremonies
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balance
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Rovnováha
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Invention
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adapting a speech into to cater to your audience
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arrangement
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organizing speech so it is best suited to the audience
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style
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using language to express ideas
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memory
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practicing speech
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delivery
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vocal and nonverbal behavior you use while speaking
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What are the 4 categories of human communication?
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dydic, small group, mass, public speaking
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dyadic communication
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communication between 2 people, usually very animated with lots of feedback
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small group
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small number of people who can see and speak directly with one another, less animated, some feedback
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mass communication
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one speaker and a large audience of unknown poeple. listeners are not present with speaker, no interaction, planned
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Public Speaking
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speaker delivers message and purpose to large crowd in person, planned, time limit some feedback
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Examples of audience responses/feedback
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facial expressions, laughter, gestures, applause, body movements
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encoding
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organizing the message, choosing the words and sentence structure and verbalizing the message
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decoding
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process of interpreting a speech
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channel
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medium through which a speaker sends a message ex. air
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rhetorical question
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question not meant to be answered
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What are 4 things both writing and speaking require you to do?
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1: research a topic
2: offer credible evidence 3: employ effective transitions 4: use persuasive appeals |
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athnocentrisim
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belief that our own culture is superior to other cultures
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feedback loop
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reactions between speaker and audience
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selective perception
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individual interpretation of a speech
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monologue
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share what we think and impose it on another
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What are the 2 types of distractions?
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internal and external
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scriptwriters
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listeners who think about what they would say next if they were giving the speech
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defensive listening
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listeners who think they know better
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idiom
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expression non-native speakers would not understand
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ethos
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character
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values
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standards of what is good and bad in life. DO NOT CHANGE
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civil liberties
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right to express ourselves
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civil rights
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protection from speech that harms us
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slander
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speech that is harmful to a reputation
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What are the 4 pillars of character?
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1: trustworthy
2: respectful 3: responsible 4: fair in presentations |
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hecklers veto
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drowning out a speaker's message when you disagree
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pathos
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emotions
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9 steps of speech making
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select a topic, analyze the audience, determine speech purpose, compose thesis statement, develop main points, gather supporting material, separate speech into major parts, outline the speech, consider presentation aids, practice
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3 general speech purposes
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to inform
to persuade to mark a special occasion |
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Public speaking anxiety
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fear of anticipates communication to an audience
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3 main causes of PSA
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lack of positive experience
feeling different being the center of attention |
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pre-preparation anxiety
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feeling anxious the minute they know they will be giving a speech
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Preparation anxiety
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feeling anxious when they begin to prepare
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pre-performance anxiety
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anxiety as you rehearse the speech
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performance anxiety
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just before speaking begins
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pandering
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abandoning your own beliefs and full catering to your audience
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attitudes
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general evaluations
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beliefs
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way in which people perceive reality. Feelings about what is true
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captive audience
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audience that is there because they have to be
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uncertainty avoidance
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degree to which people feel threatened
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time orientation
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degree to which a culture values behavior aimed at future rather than current present
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multi-active cultures
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do many things at once
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reactive cultures
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perfer to listen to what ohter have to say
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pandering
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abandoning your own beliefs and full catering to your audience
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2 types of closed-ended questions
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fixed alternative questions
scale |
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attitudes
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general evaluations
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beliefs
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way in which people perceive reality. Feelings about what is true
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captive audience
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audience that is there because they have to be
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uncertainty avoidance
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degree to which people feel threatened
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time orientation
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degree to which a culture values behavior aimed at future rather than current present
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multi-active cultures
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do many things at once
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reactive cultures
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perfer to listen to what ohter have to say
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2 types of closed-ended questions
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fixed alternative questions
scale |
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inormative speech
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increase audiences understanding and awareness of a topic
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introduction
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establishes purpose of the speech. Lets audience know where the speaker is taking them
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body
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presents main ideas and supportive material
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conclusion
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ties purpose of mainpoints together, brings an end to the speech
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What are the 3 main parts of speech body?
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main points
supportive material transitions |
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unity
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speech contains all main points mentioned in introduction
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coherence
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clarity and logical consistancy
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balance
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equal emphasis on all main points
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internal previews
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used to alert of main points
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internal summary
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draws together ideas
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signposts
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conjunctions of phrases used for transitions
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