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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What activities do vets do in public health?
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1. Help control zoonoses
2. Active in biomedical research 3. Monitor and promote food safety 4. promote food security by supervising animal production hygiene |
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What is the defination of food and safety?
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Food: something that nourishes, sustains, or supplies nutrients that are used to maintain life and growth
Safety: freedom from disease and injury |
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What is th defination of food security?
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The availability of food and one's access to it
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When is a household considered food secure?
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When its occupants do not live in hunger or fear of starvation
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How many americans are affected each year by foodborne disease?
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1 out of 4
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How many cases are there of foodborne illness each year in the US?
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81 million
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How many hospitalizations are there because of foodborne illness each year in the US?
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350,000
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How many deaths are there because of foodborne illness each year in the US?
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5,000
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How much does foodborne illness directly cost each year in the US?
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$23 billion
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How much does foodborne illness indirectly cost each year in the US?
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$23-46 billion
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Who is at the greatest risk for foodborne disease?
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* Elderly, children, immunocompromised
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Who is responsible for surveilance of foodborne disease?
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CDC (FoodNet & PulseNet)
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Who is responsible for regulation of foodborne disease?
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* FDA, CFSAN (domestic and imported foods not regulated by UDSA, FSIS)
* USDA,FSIS (meat & poultry, egg products) * DOC,NMFS (most fish) |
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Who regulates egg products? Shelled eggs?
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* Egg Products: USDA
* Shelled Eggs: FDA |
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Who regulates all meat and poultry
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USDA
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FoodNet is active sureillance of which branches
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Active surveillance by CDC, USDA, FDA, and state health department
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How many FoodNet sites monitor 13% of US population
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Ten sites in the US monitors 13% of US population
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What are the 4 components of FoodNet
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1. Survey of clinical laboratories
2. Survey of physicians 3. Survey of populations 4. Epidemiological studies of outbreaks of E. coli and Listeria monocytogenes |
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What are the 4 levels of FoodNet's active surveillance program
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1.Top: Surveillance: reported to health dept or CDC
2. Laboratory Survey •Culture confirmed case •Lab tests for organism 3.Physicians Survey •Specimen obtained •Person seeks care 4. Bottom: population survey •Person becomes ill •Illness in general population |
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How many FoodNet clinical labratories are there in 10 sites/states?
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650
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How many foodborne pathogens are there?
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Estimated 250
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What is considered an "outbreak"
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2 or more cases of similar illness resulting from ingestion of a common food
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What is the most common cause of foodborne illness
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Bacteria!
* Also viruses, parasites, natural and manufactured chemicals, and toxins from organisms |
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What are the 7 frequent foodborne pathogens that FoodNet actively monitors?
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1.Campylobacter sp.
2.Salmonella sp. 3. Shigella sp. 4. E. coli 5. Listeria monocytogenes 6. Vibrio sp. 7. Yersinia enterocolitica |
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What foodborne pathogens were added to FoodNet's active surveillance program in 1996?
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Added protozoans Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora in 1996 due to outbreaks from imported fruits
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Where are levels of foodborne illness from campylobacter highest?
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California
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How has campylobacter been reduced?
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Control of broilers
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Which states have the highest incidence of foodborne illness?
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California & Georgia (1996)
Minnesota (2000) |
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What are the top three causes of bacterial foodborne illness?
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Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella
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What was the % of incidence change of shigella from 96-98 to 2009?
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55% Decrease
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What was the % of incidence change of yersinia from 96-98 to 2009?
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53% Decrease
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What was the % of incidence change of STEC 0157 from 96-98 to 2009?
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41% Decrease
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What was the % of incidence change of campylobacter from 96-98 to 2009?
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30% Decrease
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What was the % of incidence change of listeria from 96-98 to 2009?
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26% Decrease
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What was the only food-borne pathogen to meet the Healthy People standard in 2010?
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STEC 0157
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What was the % of incidence change of salmonella from 96-98 to 2009?
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10% decrease
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What was the % of incidence change of vibrio from 96-98 to 2009?
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85% increase
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What was the % of incidence change of cryptosporidium from 96-98 to 2009?
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No change
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What is PulseNet?
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An active surveillance, early warning system for outbreaks of foodborne diseases by detecting clusters of cases of diseases via a molecular DNA “fingerprinting” electronic network
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Who is responsible for comparing "fingerprints" (isolates) from several public health labs?
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CDC
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How does PulseNet sort out E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and Listeria monocytogenes?
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*Uses pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to sort out E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and Listeria monocytogenes
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Where are the PulseNet labs found?
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Found in most states, 2 federal agencies (USDA,FDA), & 5 Canadian labs
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What is PulseNet?
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An active surveillance, early warning system for outbreaks of foodborne diseases by detecting clusters of cases of diseases via a molecular DNA “fingerprinting” electronic network
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Who is responsible for comparing "fingerprints" (isolates) from several public health labs?
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CDC
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What 6 factors is growth dependent on?
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1. Nurtrients
2. Acid 3. Time 4. Temp 5. Oxygen 6. Moisture |
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What are the 4 phases of the bacterial growth curve?
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1. Lag Phase
2. Log Phase 3. Stationary Phase 4. Death Phase |
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What is water activity (Aw)?
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* Vapor pressure of a food divided by the vapor pressure of pure water
* Measure of water availability in the food |
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At what water activity do most microbes require to grow? Molds?
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* Most microbes require 0.99 Aw to grow
* Molds can grow down to 0.80 Aw |
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What temperature is best for growth of thermophiles?
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Above 45'C
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What temperature is best for growth of mesophiles?
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20 to 45'C
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What temperature is best for growth of psychotrophic microbes?
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Below 20'C
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What are the 3 main factors for bacterial foodborne illness?
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1. Food handling: contamination and temperature abuse
2. Changes in foods consumed 3. Changing disease potentials |