Public Health (Doh & Disease Prevention)

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Ensuring access to basic public health services through the provision of quality health care and providers of healthy goods and services

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DOH

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Implementation of national health insurance law

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PhilHealth

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Administer medicare program for public and private sectors

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PhilHealth /

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Coordinates and manages the dangerous drugs control program

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Dangerous Drug Board

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Phase before man is involved

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Pre-Pathogenesis

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Present in environment where man lives /

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Pre-Pathogenesis

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Invasion > Incubation > clinical horizon > disability/death

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Pathogenesis

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Phase of host-agent interaction /

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Pathogenesis /

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Unicellular parasites (plasmodia, amoeba)

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Protozoa

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Multicellular parasites (tapeworms, blood flukes)

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Metazoa

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Essential for life

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Indigenous flora

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Invading and multiply in the infected body part

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Pathogenic mechanism

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Production of toxin and poison /

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Pathogenic mechanism /

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Hypersensitivity response //

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Pathogenic mechanism //

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Microorganisms between bacteria and virus

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Rickettsiae

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Infect endothelial cells /

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Rickettsiae /

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Smallest biologic agent

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Virus

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Ptx who never develop symptoms of the disease (Hepatitis A)

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Subclinical cases

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Transmit the infection shortly before they come symptomatic (Chicken pox)

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Incubatory carriers

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Ptx recovered from an acute illness (Salmonella or shigella)

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Convalescent carriers

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Ptx who develop chronic infection and transmit infection for a long period of time (S. Typhi, Hepatitis B, HIV)

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Chronic carrier

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Biologic agent live in the environment (Crytococcus neoformans)

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Environment

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Can spread by expectoration (M. Tuberculosis, influenza virus)

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Respiratory tract

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Via urine and secretions of genital tract (Leptospirae, STIs)

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Genitourinary tract

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Via saliva or lower GI route (rabies, HAV)

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Alimentary tract

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Percutaneous route breaks in the skin, insect bites and needles (impetigo, syphilis, chicken pox)

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Skin

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Via placenta (rubella, cytomegalovirus, syphilis)

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In-utero transmission

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Prevents most organisms from entering the body

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Intact skin

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Eliminates organisms from the lungs

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Cough reflex

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Digest food

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Gastric juices

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Eliminates harmful agents from the GIT

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Diarrhea

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Prevents pathogenic microorganisms from growing

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Normal bacterial flora

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Desquamation removed organisms that manage to adhere

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Skin and Mucous Membranes

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Forms a protective film over the skin

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Sebum

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Physical barrier

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Dermal layer

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Protection from acids and alcohol

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Hair follicle

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Toxic lipid that limit microbial growth

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Sweat glands

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Cells that are found in the intestine

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Goblet cells

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Contains antibodies, and provides antimicrobial substances to mucosal surfaces like lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase /

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Goblet Cells /

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Turbulent airflow in upper and lower respiratory tract

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Respiratory system

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Beating of the cilia toward the pharynx /

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Respiratory system /

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Humidification of air within nasal cavity //

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Respiratory system //

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Couging and sneezing ///

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Respiratory system ///

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ph 2-3

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GIT

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Pancreatic enzyme, bile enzyme, secretory IgA antibody /

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GIT /

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Peristalsis, normal loss of epithelial cells //

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GIT //

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Sterile areas: kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, urine

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Genito-Urinary Tract

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Presence of urea and other metabolic products in urine (urine acid, hippuric acid, fatty acids, enzymes) /

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Genito-Urinary Tract /

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Low urine pH

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Hypertonic kidney medulla

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Flushing of the lower urinary tract 4-10x a day ///

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Genito-Urinary Tract ///

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Is a mucus-secreting epithelial membrane that lines the interior surface of the eyeball

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Conjunctiva 👀

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Tears contain lysozyme and antimicrobials

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Eye 👀

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Assistance of serum factors ingest and destroy bacteria (phagocytosis)

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Leukocytes

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Encapsulate invading organisms

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Serum factors and fibroblasts

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Consists of cell mediated immunity and circulating antibodies

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Immune system

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Delayed hypersensitivity and regulation of antibody production

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Cell mediated immunity

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Inactivate specific antigens or organisms and prevent replication in the body (measles antigen)

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Circulating antibodies

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Host develops long lasting antibodies to fight infection

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Active immunity

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Antibodies are given to the host for protection (hepatitis A, measles)

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Passive Immunity

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Binds to S. Aureus, Strep.

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Fibronectin

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Kills g+ bacteria

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Beta-Lysine

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Depressive effect of corticosteroids

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Hormones

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Non-specific resistance increases with rises in estrogen concentration

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Hormones

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Response to virus infections

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Interferons

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Derived from virus infected leukocytes

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IFN alpha

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Derived from virus-infected fibroblasts

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IFN beta

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Produced by antigen-stimulated T-cells

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IFN gamma

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Produced by macrophages and natural killer cells

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Cachetin

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Cytokine secretion by inflammatory cells /

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Cachetin /

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Produces by T-helper and T-cells, and B-lymphocytes

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Lymphotoxin

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Enhances the phagocytic activity of macrophages and neutrophils /

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Lymphotoxin /

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Plasmid-encoded toxic proteins

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Bacteriocins

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Synthesized by normal bacteria and are lethal to related species /

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Bacteriocin /

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Produced by E. Coli

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Colicin

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Failure of prevention

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Disability limitation

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Returning the affected individual

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Rehabilitation

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Prevent the relapses in certain diseases

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Intensive, periodic follow-up and treatment

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It is the instrumental in the accomplishment of all measures proposed in all levels of prevention

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Health Education

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Develop interventions designed to prevent specific problems

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Prevention

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Personal attributes such as beliefs, expectations, motives, values, perceptions and other cognitive elements

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Health Behavior

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Purpose of preventing or detecting illness in an asymptomatic state

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Preventive Health Behavior

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First define the state of health and to discover a remedy

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Illness behavior

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Purpose of getting well

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Sick-Role Behavior

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Capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services

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Health Literacy

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Major determinant of good health

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Individual behavior

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Process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health /

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Health Promotion /

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To reach a state of physical, mental, social well being

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Health Promotion

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Is a combination of induvidual and social actions

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Advocacy

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Taking action in partnership with individuals or groups

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Enable

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THE MOVE TOWARDS A NEW PUBLIC HEALTH

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First!

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THE MOVE TOWARDS A NEW PUBLIC HEALTH /

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Canada (Justin Bieber) ;)

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HEALTHY PUBLIC POLICY

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Second

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HEALTHY PUBLIC POLICY /

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South Australia /

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SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENTS FOR HEALTH

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Third

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SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENTS FOR HEALTH /

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Sweden /

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NEW PARTNERS FOR A NEW ERA: LEADING HEALTH PROMOTION INTO THE 21st CENTURY

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Fourth

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NEW PARTNERS FOR A NEW ERA: LEADING HEALTH PROMOTION INTO THE 21st CENTURY /

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Indonesia /

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HEALTH PROMOTION: BUILDING THE EQUITY GAP

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Fifth

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HEALTH PROMOTION: BUILDING THE EQUITY GAP

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Mexico

Antonio Banderas ;)

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POLICY AND PARTNERSHIP FOR ACTION: ADDRESSING THE DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

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Sixth

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POLICY AND PARTNERSHIP FOR ACTION: ADDRESSING THE DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH /

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Thailand

Mario Maurer 😍

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PROMOTING HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT: CLOSING THE IMPLEMENTATION GAP

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Seventh

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PROMOTING HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT: CLOSING THE IMPLEMENTATION GAP /

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Hindi sayo... hindi sa akin... KENYA

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HEALTH IN ALL POLICIES

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Eighth

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HEALTH IN ALL POLICIES

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Finland

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PROMOTING HEALTH, PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: HEALTH FOR ALL, ALL FOR HEALTH

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Ninth

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PROMOTING HEALTH, PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: HEALTH FOR ALL, ALL FOR HEALTH /

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China

Ni Haooooo!