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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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veterinary public health |
sum of all contributions to physical, mental and social well being of humans through an understanding and application of veterinary science |
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public health |
the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort |
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veterinary roles in public health |
emerging dz, bioterrorism, disaster preparedness, food safety, occupational and environmental health, human-animal bond, vaccines |
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CDC |
national notifiable diseases surveillance system |
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USDA |
national animal health reporting system |
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where oregon veterinarians report to |
Oregon health authority, veterinary public health |
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factors that affect disease detection and reporting |
patient sick enough? appropriate diagnostics done? appropriate specimens taken? Appropriate time of showing disease? |
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passive surveillance |
reports recieved from physicians or other individuals or instituitions as mandated by law |
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active surveillance |
regularly contact with reporting sources |
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syndromic surveillance |
monitor disease indicators in real-time or near real time goal = earlier detection of an outbreak |
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zoonoses |
dz and infections that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans |
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reverse zoonoses |
pathogens reservoired in humans that can be transmitted to other vertebrates |
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anthropozoonosis |
disease transmitted from animals to humans |
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emerging infectious disease (EID) |
newly appeared in a population or has existed but rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range |
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Re-emerging infectious disease |
reappeared after a significant decline in incidence |
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examples of emerging infectious diseases |
new infections resulting from evolution, known infections in new geographic ranges/populations, unrecognized infections appearing in areas under ecologic change, old infections with antimicrobial resistance |
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factors in infectious disease emergence |
ecological change human demographics and behavior international travel and commerce tech and industry microbial adaptation breakdown of public health infrastructure |
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epidemiologic triad |
host agent environmental factors |
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institute of medicine recommendations |
strengthen disease surveillance expand research on factors leading to emergence develop/manage vaccines, antimicrobials improve coordinating public health agencies support public health training develop public education to prevent disease |
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transmission - contact |
most common type of transmission direct or indirect (bites, scratches, saliva...etc) |
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types of transmission |
contact contamination of food ingestion biological vectors |
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Risk group 1 agents |
agents that are not associated with disease in healthy adult animals low individual and community risk |
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risk group 2 agents |
agents that are associated with human disease which is rarely serious and for which preventative or therapeutic interventions are often available and the risk of spreading infection is limited MODerate individual risk and low community risk |
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risk group 3 agents |
agents that are associated with serious or lethal human disease for which preventive or therapeutic interventions may be available HIGH individual risk, low community risk |
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risk group 4 agents |
agents that are likely to cause serious or lethal human disease for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are not usually available HIGH individual AND community risk |
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reproductive zoonotic diseases |
Coxiella burnetii, brucella, toxoplasma, borrelia, listeria, pasteurella, arenaviruses |
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PPE |
personal protective equipment provides a barrier between you and pathogens or allergens |
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when to use gloves |
touching - blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, mucous membranes, non-intact skin Performing - dentistry, necropsy, resuscitations, obstetrics handling - dirty laundry, dx specimens, animals with suspected disease |
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facial protection |
mask safety glasses goggles face shield |
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dust masks and surgical masks are... |
....not respirators and do not protect against airborne pathogens |
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wear a respirator when... |
investigating - abortions, avian mortality conditions where aerosol transmission is suspected dusty conditions handling sick parrots |
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change outerwear when |
its soiled after handing infectious animal after working in isolation rooms after a necropsy or high risk procedure |
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wash hands when... |
before and after each patient after contact with patient fluids after removal of gloves/sleeves after cleaning cages before eating, drinking, smoking or handling contacts |
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how you can modify working practices |
personal protective equipment hand hygiene environmental measures medical management |
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one health |
the concept that the health of animals/people and the viability of ecosystems are inextricably linked |
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tiered response in disaster preparedness |
local->state->federal government |
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local government responsibilities in diseasters |
treat injured provide law enforcement restore critical infrastructure shelter evacuees manage resources determine needs and shortfalls incorporate/request state and federal assets |
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state responsibilities in diseasters |
deploy state resources (food, ice, supplies) law enforcement assets public works teams specialized technical assistance national guard assets serve as conduit for federal assistance |
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federal responsibilities in disasters |
restore critical infrastructure- utilities, transportation, telecommunications restore essential government services protect the environment |
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Foreign animal disease response |
detect/identify the disease ASAP protect human health eradicate infection (protect animal health) preserve markets local, state, regional and national level coordination |
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rabies |
causes an acute encephalitis in all warm blooded hosts, including humans and the outcome is almost always fatal |
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transmission of rabies |
when infected saliva of a host is passed to an uninfected animals- also happens through mucous membranes and corneas |
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vaccine rule for rabies |
all dogs at least 3 months shall be immunized against rabies by 6 months |
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animal bites to humans |
animal will be held for observation until the tenth day following the bite |
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In the case of an animal biting a person |
no person shall destroy or allow to be detroyed without authorization by the local health officer or administrator |
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possibly rabid animal bites pet currently vaccinated for rabies |
re-vaccinate +45 days quarantine |
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possibly rabid animal bites pet NOT currently vaccinated for rabies |
euthanasia or revaccinate + 6 months quarantine |
