Ptha 1301 - Medical Terminology Express - Gylys Book - Stetz - Exam 3

Front 1

antigen

Back 1

substance that, when entering the body, prompts the generation of antibodies, causing an immune response

Front 2

anti-

Back 2

against

Front 3

gen

Back 3

forming, producing, origin

Front 4

autoimmune

Back 4

type of immune response by the body against its own cells or tissues

Front 5

capillaries

Back 5

microscopic blood vessels that connect the ends of the smallest arteries (arterioles with the smallest veins (venules) of the circulatory system

Front 6

hematopoiesis

Back 6

production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow

Front 7

hemat/o

Back 7

blood

Front 8

poiesis

Back 8

formation, production

Front 9

immune response

Back 9

defense function of the body that protects it against invading pathogens, foreign tissues, and malignancies

Front 10

immunodeficiency

Back 10

decreased or compromised ability to fight disease or a condition resulting from a defective immune mechanism

Front 11

interstitial fluid

Back 11

fluid between cells and in tissue spaces

created when certain components of blood plasma filter through tiny capillaries into spaces between cells

Front 12

lymphocyte

Back 12

type of white blood cell found in the lymph nodes, spleen, bloodstream, and lymph that functions int he body's immune system by recognizing and deactivating foreign substances (antigens)

Front 13

lymph/o

Back 13

lymph

Front 14

-cyte

Back 14

cell

Front 15

monocytes

Back 15

large white blood cells formed in the bone marrow that circulate in the bloodstream and destroy pathogenic bacteria through phagocytosis

Front 16

oncology

Back 16

branch of medicine concerned with the study of cancerous growths (malignancies)

Front 17

onc/o

Back 17

tumor

Front 18

-logy

Back 18

study of

Front 19

pathogens

Back 19

any microorganism capable of producing disease

Front 20

path/o

Back 20

disease

Front 21

-gen

Back 21

forming, producing, origin

Front 22

transfusion

Back 22

collection of blood or a blood component from a donor followed by its infusion into a recipient

Front 23

hematology

Back 23

study of the blood and blood-forming tissues and the diseases associated with these tissues

Front 24

hematologist

Back 24

physicians who specialize in the study and treatment of blood and blood disorders

Front 25

immunology

Back 25

study of the body's protection from invading organisms and its responses to them

Front 26

immunologist

Back 26

consulted when the immune system breaks down and the body loses its ability to recognize antigens or its ability to mount an attack against them

treat patients with immunodeficiency diseases such as AIDS; immune complex diseases such as malaria and viral hepatitis; autoimmune diseases such as lupus; transplanted cells and organs; allergies; and various cancer types related to the immune system

Front 27

plasma

Back 27

clear yellow fluid comprising the liquid portion of blood

Front 28

formed elements

Back 28

erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), and thrombocytes (platelets) that, together with plasma, comprise blood

Front 29

platelets

Back 29

thrombocytes

have a clotting ability that prevents excessive loss of blood

Front 30

groups

Back 30

blood types

based on presence or absence of A or B antigens on the RBCs

Front 31

markers

Back 31

A or B antigens that stimulate production of antibodies

Front 32

agglutinate

Back 32

when incompatible blood types clump together

Front 33

lymphatic system

Back 33

consists of lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and three organs:
- tonsils
- thymus
- spleen

Front 34

lymph (fluid)

Back 34

circulates in the lymphatic system

comes from blood

contains WBCs responsible for immunity as well as monocytes and lymphocytes

Front 35

interstitial spaces

Back 35

spaces between cells

a.k.a. intercellular spaces

Front 36

lymph capillaries

Back 36

thin-walled vessels that absorb most interstitial fluid from the interstitial spaces

at this point, the interstitial fluid becomes lymph

Front 37

lymph nodes

Back 37

lymphatic tissue, located in clusters in such areas as the:
- neck (cervical lymph nodes)
- underarm (axillary lymph nodes)
- pelvis (iliac lymph nodes)
- groin (inguinal lymph nodes)

act as filters against foreign material

Front 38

lymph vessels

Back 38

in upper chest; return lymph to bloodstream

Front 39

hem/o

Back 39

blood

Front 40

agglutin/o

Back 40

clumping, gluing

Front 41

agglutination

Back 41

process by which particles are caused to adhere and form into clumps

Front 42

-ation

Back 42

process of

Front 43

embol/o

Back 43

embolus (plug)

Front 44

erythr/o

Back 44

red

Front 45

-oma

Back 45

tumor

Front 46

leuk/o

Back 46

white

Front 47

myel/o

Back 47

bone marrow;
spinal cord

Front 48

thromb/o

Back 48

blood clot

Front 49

thrombolysis

Back 49

destruction of blood clot

Front 50

-lysis

Back 50

separation, destruction, loosening

Front 51

ven/o

Back 51

vein

Front 52

-ous

Back 52

pertaining to

Front 53

-ic

Back 53

pertaining to

Front 54

aden/o

Back 54

gland

Front 55

lymphaden/o

Back 55

lymph gland (node)

Front 56

myelogenic

Back 56

pertaining to, producing, or originating in bone marrow

Front 57

adenopathy

Back 57

disease of a gland

Front 58

immunogen

Back 58

producing immunity or an immune response

Front 59

lymphangi/o

Back 59

lymph vessel

Front 60

phag/o

Back 60

swallowing, eating

Front 61

splen/o

Back 61

spleen

Front 62

thym/o

Back 62

thymus gland

Front 63

thymoma

Back 63

tumor of the thymus gland

Front 64

leukemia

Back 64

white blood;
hematological malignancies of bone marrow cells
malignant disease of the bone marrow characterized by excessive production of leukocytes

Front 65

macro

Back 65

large

Front 66

-phylaxis

Back 66

protection

Front 67

ana-

Back 67

against, up, back

Front 68

-stasis

Back 68

standing still

Front 69

hemostasis

Back 69

blood standing still

Front 70

mononucleosis

Back 70

- abnormal increase of mononuclear (leukocytes in the blood)
- acute infection by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and characterized by a sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes

Front 71

-nucle

Back 71

nucleus

Front 72

anemia

Back 72

blood disorder characterized by a deficiency of red blood cell production and hemoglobin, increased red blood cell destruction, or blood loss

Front 73

an

Back 73

without, not

Front 74

-emia

Back 74

blood condition

Front 75

aplastic

Back 75

failure of bone marrow to produce stem cells because it has been damaged by disease, cancer, radiation, or chemotherapy drugs

rare but serious form of anemia

Front 76

pernicious

Back 76

deficiency of erythrocytes due to inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body, which plays a vital role in hematopoiesis

Front 77

sickle cell

Back 77

hereditary disorder of anemia characterized by crescent or sickle-shaped erythrocytes

particularly prevalent among persons of African descent

Front 78

thalassemia

Back 78

group of hereditary anemias caused by an inability to produce hemoglobin

usually seen in people of Mediterranean origin

Front 79

thallass/o

Back 79

sea

Front 80

hemophilia

Back 80

group of hereditary bleeding disorders characterized by a deficiency of one of the factors necessary for coagulation of blood

Front 81

-philia

Back 81

attraction for

Front 82

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Back 82

deficiency of cellular immunity induced by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), characterized by increasing susceptibility to infections, malignancies, and neurological diseases

Front 83

Hodgkin disease

Back 83

malignant disease characterized by painless, progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue (usually first evident in cervical lymph nodes), splenomegaly, and the presence of unique Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes

Front 84

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Back 84

retrovirus that causes AIDS

Front 85

immunodeficiency disease

Back 85

any of a group of diseases caused by a defect in the immune system and generally characterized by susceptibility to infections and chronic diseases

Front 86

Kaposi sarcoma

Back 86

malignancy of connective tissue, including bone, fat, muscle, and fibrous tissue that is commonly fatal (because the tumors readily metastasize to various organs) and closely associated with AIDS

Front 87

sarc

Back 87

flesh; connective tissue

Front 88

lymphadenitis

Back 88

inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually as a result of infection

Front 89

lymphedema

Back 89

debilitating condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a blockage in the lymphatic system that prevents lymph fluid in the upper limbs from draining adequately

Front 90

-edema

Back 90

swelling

Front 91

mono-

Back 91

one

Front 92

nucle

Back 92

nucleus

Front 93

multiple myeloma

Back 93

malignant disease of bone marrow plasma cells (antibody-producing B lymphocytes)

Front 94

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Back 94

any of a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue except for Hodgkin disease; previously called lymphosarcoma

Front 95

lymphosarcoma

Back 95

previous term for non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Front 96

opportunistic infection

Back 96

any infection that results from a defective immune system that cannot defend against pathogens normally found in the environment

Front 97

stroke

Back 97

sudden loss of neurological function, caused by vascular injury (loss of blood flow) to an area of the brain

also called cerebral vascular accident (CVA)

Front 98

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Back 98

chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with variable features that affect many body systems, particularly the skin, kidneys, heart, and lungs

Front 99

bone marrow aspiration

Back 99

removal of a small amount of tissue (bone marrow biopsy) to diagnose blood disorders (such as anemias), cancers, or infectious diseases or to gather cells for later infusion into a patient (bone marrow transplantation)

Front 100

ELISA

Back 100

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

test to screen blood for presence of HIV antibodies or for other disease-causing substances

Front 101

lymphangiography

Back 101

radiographic examination of lymph glands and lymphatic vessels after an injection of a contrast medium to view the path of lymph flow as it moves into the chest region

Front 102

angi/o

Back 102

vessel (usually blood or lymph)

Front 103

-graphy

Back 103

process of recording

Front 104

tissue typing

Back 104

technique used to determine the histocompatibility of tissues; used in grafts and transplants with the recipient's tissues and cells; also known as histocompatibility testing

Front 105

Western blot

Back 105

test to detect presence of viral DNA in the blood and used to confirm the diagnosis of AIDS as well as detecting other viruses

Front 106

blood transfusion

Back 106

administration of whole blood or a component, such as packed red cells, to replace blood lost through trauma, surgery, or disease

Front 107

bone marrow transplant

Back 107

diseased bone marrow is destroyed by irradiation and chemotherapy, then replaced from a healthy donor to simulate production of normal blood cells; used to treat aplastic anemia, leukemia, and certain cancers

Front 108

lymphangiectomy

Back 108

removal of a lymph vessel

Front 109

anticoagulants

Back 109

prevent or delay blood coagulation

Front 110

immunizations

Back 110

vaccination or injection of immune globulins to induce immunity to a particular infectious disease

Front 111

immunosuppressants

Back 111

suppress the immune response to prevent organ rejection after transplantation or slow the progression of autoimmune disease

Front 112

thrombolytics

Back 112

dissolve a blood clot

Front 113

vaccinations

Back 113

introduction of altered antigens (viruses or bacteria) into the body to produce an immune response and protect against disease

Front 114

dyspnea

Back 114

difficulty breathing

Front 115

diuresis

Back 115

increased formation and secretion of urine

Front 116

hematuria

Back 116

blood in the urine

Front 117

atelectasis

Back 117

collapse of lung tissue

Front 118

A, B, AB, O

Back 118

blood types in ABO blood group

Front 119

CBC

Back 119

complete blood count

Front 120

EBV

Back 120

Epstein-Barr virus

Front 121

ESR

Back 121

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Front 122

Hb, Hgb

Back 122

hemoglobin

Front 123

KS

Back 123

Kaposi sarcoma

Front 124

WNL

Back 124

within normal limits

Front 125

biopsy

Back 125

removal of a small portion of tissue from the body for microscopic examination

Front 126

endoscopic examination

Back 126

- procedure using an endoscope to diagnose or treat a condition, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract

- help detect pathological conditions, including cancers, at an early stage

Front 127

gastroenterology

Back 127

branch of medicine concerned with diseases of the digestive tract

Front 128

gastroenterologist

Back 128

diagnosis and treats disorders of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Front 129

digestion

Back 129

the physical and chemical breakdown of foods we ingest into nutrients that can be absorbed by cell membranes

Front 130

digestive tract

Back 130

alimentary canal or
gastrointestinal (GI) tract
(mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus)

plus
accessory organs of digestion

Front 131

upper gastrointestinal tract

Back 131

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach

Front 132

lower gastrointestinal tract

Back 132

small and large intestines, rectum, and anus

Front 133

accessory organs of digestion

Back 133

liver, gallbladder, pancreas

help in the absorption process and other processes essential to proper digestion

Front 134

dent/o

Back 134

teeth

Front 135

odont/o

Back 135

teeth

Front 136

orth

Back 136

straight

Front 137

gingiv/o

Back 137

gums

Front 138

gloss/o

Back 138

tongue

Front 139

hypoglossal

Back 139

pertaining to under the tongue

Front 140

lingu/o

Back 140

tongue

Front 141

or/o

Back 141

mouth

Front 142

stomat/o

Back 142

mouth

Front 143

stomatopathy

Back 143

disease of the mouth

Front 144

ptyal/o

Back 144

saliva

Front 145

ptyalism

Back 145

condition of excessive salivation
also called sialorrhea or hypersalivation

Front 146

sial/o

Back 146

saliva, salivary gland

Front 147

sialorrhea

Back 147

excessive flow of saliva
also called ptyalism or hypersalivation

Front 148

esophag/o

Back 148

esophagus

Front 149

gastr/o

Back 149

stomach

Front 150

pharyng/o

Back 150

pharynx (throat)

Front 151

pylor/o

Back 151

pylorus (sphincter in lower portion of the stomach that opens into the duodenum)

Front 152

pylorotomy

Back 152

incision of the pylorus

Front 153

duoden/o

Back 153

duodenum (first part of small intestine)

Front 154

enter/o

Back 154

intestine (usually small intestine)

Front 155

jejun/o

Back 155

jejunum (second part of small intestine)

Front 156

ile/o

Back 156

ileum (third part of small intestine)

Front 157

an/o

Back 157

anus

Front 158

ileostomy

Back 158

surgical creation of an opening in the ilium (to drain urine or feces into an exterior pouch)

Front 159

-stomy

Back 159

forming an opening (mouth)

when -stomy is used with the CF of an organ, it refers to a surgical opening to the outside of the body

Front 160

append/o

Back 160

appendix

Front 161

appendic/o

Back 161

appendix

Front 162

col/o

Back 162

colon

Front 163

colon/o

Back 163

colon

Front 164

proct/o

Back 164

anus, rectum

Front 165

rect/o

Back 165

rectum

Front 166

-cele

Back 166

hernia, swelling

Front 167

rectocele

Back 167

herniation or protrusion of the rectum
also called proctocele

Front 168

sigmoid/o

Back 168

sigmoid colon

Front 169

cholangi/o

Back 169

bile vessel

Front 170

cholangiole

Back 170

small terminal portion of the bile duct

Front 171

-ole

Back 171

small, minute

Front 172

chol/e*

Back 172

bile, gall

* combining vowel "e" is an exception to the rule

Front 173

-lith

Back 173

stone, calculus

Front 174

cholelith

Back 174

gallstone

Front 175

cholecyst/o

Back 175

gallbladder

Front 176

choledoch/o

Back 176

bile duct

Front 177

hepat/o

Back 177

liver

Front 178

pancreat/o

Back 178

pancreas

Front 179

pancreatolysis

Back 179

destruction of the pancreas by pancreatic enzymes

Front 180

-algia

Back 180

pain

Front 181

gastralgia

Back 181

stomach pain

Front 182

-dynia

Back 182

pain

Front 183

gastrodynia

Back 183

stomach pain

Front 184

-emesis

Back 184

vomiting

Front 185

hyperemesis

Back 185

excessive vomiting

Front 186

-iasis

Back 186

abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

Front 187

cholelithiasis

Back 187

presence or formation of gallstones

Front 188

-megaly

Back 188

enlargement

Front 189

-orexia

Back 189

appetite

Front 190

-osis

Back 190

abnormal condition
increase (used primarily with blood cells)

Front 191

cirrh

Back 191

yellow

Front 192

-pepsia

Back 192

digestion

Front 193

dyspepsia

Back 193

difficult or painful digestion
also called indigestion

Front 194

-phagia

Back 194

eating, swallowing

Front 195

dysphagia

Back 195

difficulty swallowing

Front 196

dys-

Back 196

bad, painful, difficult

Front 197

-prandial

Back 197

meal

Front 198

postprandial

Back 198

after meal

Front 199

-rrhea

Back 199

discharge, flow

Front 200

dia-

Back 200

through, across

Front 201

endo-

Back 201

in, within

Front 202

hypo-

Back 202

under, below, deficient

Front 203

hypogastric

Back 203

pertaining to below the stomach

Front 204

appendicitis

Back 204

inflammation of the appendix, typically an acute condition caused by blockage of the appendix followed by infection that is treated with surgical removal of the inflamed appendix and antibiotic therapy

Front 205

ascites

Back 205

pathological build up of fluid in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity due to liver disease, cancer, heart failure, or kidney failure

Front 206

borborygmus

Back 206

gurgling or rumbling sound heard over the large intestine that is caused by gas moving through through the intestines

Front 207

cirrhosis

Back 207

chronic liver disease characterized by destruction of liver cells that eventually leads to ineffective liver function and jaundice

Front 208

diverticular disease

Back 208

formation of bulging pouches (diverticula) throughout the colon, but most commonly in the lower portion of the colon (includes diverticulosis, diverticular bleeding, and diverticulitis)

Front 209

dysentery

Back 209

inflammation of the intestine, especially of the colon, caused by chemical irritants, bacteria, or parasites and characterized by diarrhea, colitis, and abdominal cramps

Front 210

-y

Back 210

condition, process

Front 211

fistula

Back 211

abnormal tunnel connecting two body cavities such as the rectum and the vagina (rectovaginal fistula) or a body cavity to the skin (such as the rectum to the outside of the body) caused by injury, infection, or inflammation

Front 212

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Back 212

backflow (reflux) of gastric contents into the esophagus due to malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

Front 213

hematochezia

Back 213

passage of bright red, bloody stools (usually an indication that the colon is bleeding somewhere) commonly caused by diverticulitis or hemorrhoids but may be a symptom of cancer

Front 214

hemorrhoid

Back 214

mass of enlarged, twisted varicose veins in the mucous membrane inside (internal) or just outside (external) the rectum

also called piles

Front 215

hernia

Back 215

protrusion or projection of an organ or part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it

Front 216

strangulated (hernia)

Back 216

hernia in which the protruding viscus is so tightly trapped that it leads to necrosis with gangrene results, requiring immediate surgery

Front 217

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Back 217

disorder that causes inflammation of the intestines

Front 218

Crohn disease

Back 218

chronic IBD that may affect any portion of the intestinal tract (usually the ileum) and is distinguished from closely related bowel disorders by its inflammatory pattern, which tends to be patchy or segmented

also called regional colitis

Front 219

ulcerative colitis

Back 219

chronic IBD of the colon characterized by ulcers, constant diarrhea mixed with blood, and pain

Front 220

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Back 220

common colon disorder characterized by constipation, diarrhea, gas, and bloating that does not cause permanent damage to the colon

also called spastic colon

Front 221

jaundice

Back 221

yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae of the eyes caused by excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood

also called hyperbilirubinemia

Front 222

jaund

Back 222

yellow

Front 223

-ice

Back 223

noun ending

Front 224

obesity

Back 224

condition in which body weight exceeds the range of normal or healthy, which is characterized as a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25

Front 225

morbid obesity

Back 225

more severe obesity in which a person has a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 lb or more over ideal body weight

Front 226

ulcer

Back 226

open sore that may result form a perforation or lesion of the skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic (pathological death of a cell) tissue

Front 227

volvulus

Back 227

twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction

Front 228

barium enema (BE)

Back 228

radiographic examination of the rectum and colon after administration of barium sulfate (radiopaque contrast medium) into the rectum

BE is used for diagnosis of obstructions, tumors, or other abnormalities, such as ulcerative colitis

Front 229

barium swallow

Back 229

radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine after oral administration of barium sulfate (radiopaque contrast medium)

also called upper GI series

Front 230

cholangiography

Back 230

radiographic examination of the bile ducts with a contrast medium to reveal gallstones or other obstruction in the bile ducts

Front 231

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

Back 231

visual examination of the esophagus (esophagoscopy), stomach (gastroscopy), and duodenum (duodenoscopy) using an endoscope

also called upper GI endoscopy

Front 232

stool guaiac

Back 232

test performed on feces using the reagent gum guaiac to detect presence of blood in feces that is not apparent on visual inspection

also called hemoccult test

Front 233

bariatric surgery

Back 233

any of a group of procedures used to treat morbid obesity

Front 234

vertical banded gastroplasty

Back 234

bariatric surgery in which the upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch and a band is inserted that restricts and delays food from leaving the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness

Front 235

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB)

Back 235

bariatric surgery in which the stomach is first stapled to decrease it to a small pouch and then the jejunum is shortened and connected to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, thus reducing absorption of calories and fats

Front 236

-plasty

Back 236

surgical repair

Front 237

colostomy

Back 237

excision of a diseased part of the colon and relocation of the remaining end of the healthy colon through the abdominal wall to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag

Front 238

lithotripsy

Back 238

eliminating a stone within the gallbladder or urinary system by crushing it surgically or using a noninvasive method, such as ultrasonic shock waves, to shatter it

Front 239

-tripsy

Back 239

crushing

Front 240

lith/o

Back 240

stone, calculus

Front 241

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

Back 241

use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to destroy stones in the gallbladder and biliary ducts

Front 242

extra-

Back 242

outside

Front 243

corpor

Back 243

body

Front 244

-eal

Back 244

pertaining to

Front 245

nasogastric intubation

Back 245

insertion of a soft plastic nasogastric tube through the nostrils, past the pharynx, and down the esophagus into the stomach to remove substances from the stomach; deliver medication, food, or fluids; or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis

Front 246

polypectomy

Back 246

excision of small, tumorlike, benign growths (polyps) that project from a mucous membrane surface

Front 247

polyp

Back 247

small growth

Front 248

antacids

Back 248

neutralize acids in the stomach

Front 249

antidiarrheals

Back 249

control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract

Front 250

antiemetics

Back 250

control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain

Front 251

laxatives

Back 251

relieve constipation and facilitate passage of feces through the lower GI tract

Front 252

gastroesophageal varices

Back 252

varicose veins or varicosities of the stomach/esophagus

endoscopy used to confirm their presence and extent in patients with liver disease

Front 253

sputum

Back 253

mucus or phlegm coughed up from the respiratory tract

Front 254

choleliths

Back 254

gallstones

Front 255

choledocholithiasis

Back 255

when calculi are present in the common bile duct

Front 256

laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Back 256

treatment for symptomatic gallstone disease

surgery involves incisions in the abdomen through which pass a tiny video camera and surgical instruments

Front 257

BE

Back 257

barium enema
below the elbow

Front 258

CA

Back 258

cancer
chronological age
cardiac arrest

Front 259

Ca

Back 259

calcium
cancer

Front 260

EGD

Back 260

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Front 261

ESWL

Back 261

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

Front 262

FBS

Back 262

fasting blood sugar

Front 263

HAV
HBV

Back 263

hepatitis A virus
hepatitis B virus

Front 264

IBD

Back 264

inflammatory bowel disease

Front 265

IBS

Back 265

irritable bowel syndrome

Front 266

RGB

Back 266

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Front 267

UGI

Back 267

upper gastrointestinal

Front 268

angulation

Back 268

abnormal forming of an angle

Front 269

K

Back 269

potassium

Front 270

KD

Back 270

knee disarticualtion

Front 271

KUB

Back 271

kidney, ureter, bladder

Front 272

L

Back 272

liter

Front 273

L1, L2

Back 273

lumbar vertebrae

Front 274

LA

Back 274

left atrium

Front 275

LAT, lat

Back 275

lateral

Front 276

LD

Back 276

lactate dehydrogenase
lactic acid dehydrogenase (cardiac enzyme)

Front 277

LES

Back 277

lower esophageal sphincter

Front 278

LFT

Back 278

liver function test

Front 279

LH

Back 279

luteinizing hormone

Front 280

LOC

Back 280

loss of consciousness

Front 281

LP

Back 281

lumbar puncture

Front 282

LPR

Back 282

laryngopharyngeal reflux

Front 283

LS

Back 283

lumbosacral spine

Front 284

lt

Back 284

left

Front 285

LV

Back 285

left ventricle

Front 286

lymphos

Back 286

lymphocytes

Front 287

MCH

Back 287

mean cell hemoglobin (average amount of hemoglobin per red cell)

Front 288

MCHC

Back 288

mean cell hemoglobin concentration (average concentration of hemoglobin per red cell)

Front 289

MCV

Back 289

mean cell volume (average volume or size per red cell

Front 290

MDI

Back 290

metered dose inhaler

Front 291

MEG

Back 291

magnetoencephalography

Front 292

MG

Back 292

myasthenia gravis

Front 293

mix astig

Back 293

mixed astigmatism

Front 294

mm Hg

Back 294

millimeters of mercury

Front 295

MR

Back 295

mitral regurgitation

Front 296

MRA

Back 296

magnetic resonance angiogram/angiography

Front 297

MSH

Back 297

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Front 298

MVP

Back 298

mitral valve prolapse

Front 299

MVR

Back 299

mitral valve replacement
massive vitreous retraction (blade)
microvitreoretinal

Front 300

Myop

Back 300

myopia (nearsightedness)

Front 301

NB

Back 301

newborn

Front 302

NCV

Back 302

nerve conduction velocity

Front 303

NG

Back 303

nasogastric

Front 304

NIDDM

Back 304

non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Front 305

NIHL

Back 305

noise-induced hearing loss

Front 306

NK

Back 306

natural killer cell

Front 307

NMT

Back 307

nebulized mist treatment

Front 308

NPO, n.p.o.*

Back 308

nil per os
nothing by mouth

Front 309

NSR

Back 309

normal sinus rhythm

Front 310

OCP

Back 310

oral contraceptive pill

Front 311

OD

Back 311

overdose

Front 312

OD*

Back 312

right eye

Front 313

O.D.

Back 313

Doctor of Optometry

Front 314

OM

Back 314

otitis media

Front 315

OP

Back 315

outpatient
operative procedure

Front 316

ORTH, ortho

Back 316

orthopedics

Front 317

OS*

Back 317

left eye

Front 318

os

Back 318

opening, mouth

Front 319

OSA

Back 319

obstructive sleep apnea

Front 320

OU*

Back 320

both eyes

Front 321

P

Back 321

phosphorus
pulse

Front 322

PA

Back 322

posteroanterior
pernicious anemia
pulmonary artery
physician assistant

Front 323

PAC

Back 323

premature atrial contraction

Front 324

Pap

Back 324

Papanicolaou (test)

Front 325

para 1, 2, 3 (and so on)

Back 325

unipara, bipara, tripara (and so on)
number of viable births

Front 326

PAT

Back 326

paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

Front 327

pc, p.c.*

Back 327

after meals

Front 328

PCL

Back 328

posterior cruciate ligament

Front 329

PCNL

Back 329

percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Front 330

PCO2

Back 330

partial pressure of carbon dioxide

Front 331

PCP

Back 331

pneumocystis pneumonia
primary care physician
phencyclidine (hallucinogen)

Front 332

PE

Back 332

physical examination
pulmonary embolism
pressure-equalizing (tube)

Front 333

PERRLA

Back 333

pupils equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation

Front 334

PET

Back 334

positron emission tomography

Front 335

PFT

Back 335

pulmonary function test

Front 336

PGH

Back 336

pituitary growth hormone

Front 337

PIH

Back 337

pregnancy-induced hypertension

Front 338

PKD

Back 338

polycystic kidney disease

Front 339

PMH

Back 339

past medical history

Front 340

PMI

Back 340

point of maximum impulse

Front 341

PMN, PMNL

Back 341

polymorphonuclear leukocyte

Front 342

PMP

Back 342

previous menstrual period

Front 343

PND

Back 343

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Front 344

PNS

Back 344

peripheral nervous system

Front 345

p.o.*

Back 345

per os
by mouth

Front 346

PO2

Back 346

partial pressure of oxygen

Front 347

poly

Back 347

polymorphonuclear leukocyte

Front 348

p.r.n.*

Back 348

as required

Front 349

PSA

Back 349

prostate-specific antigen

Front 350

PT

Back 350

prothrombin time
physical therapy

Front 351

PTCA

Back 351

perutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Front 352

PTH

Back 352

parathyroid hormone (also called parathormone)

Front 353

PTHC

Back 353

percutaneous transhepatic cholangeography

Front 354

PTT

Back 354

partial thromboplastin time

Front 355

PUD

Back 355

peptic ulcer disease

Front 356

PVC

Back 356

premature ventricular contraction

Front 357

q.2h.*

Back 357

every 2 hours

Front 358

qAM*

Back 358

every morning

Front 359

q.d.*

Back 359

every day

Front 360

q.h.*

Back 360

every hour

Front 361

q.i.d.*

Back 361

four times a day

Front 362

q.o.d.*

Back 362

every other day

Front 363

qPM*

Back 363

every evening

Front 364

RA

Back 364

right atrium
rheumatoid arthritis

Front 365

RD

Back 365

respiratory distress

Front 366

RDS

Back 366

respiratory distress syndrome

Front 367

RF

Back 367

rheumatoid factor
radio frequency

Front 368

RIA

Back 368

radioimmunoassay

Front 369

RK

Back 369

radial keratotomy

Front 370

R/O

Back 370

rule out

Front 371

RP

Back 371

retrograde pyelogram
retrograde pyelography

Front 372

RV

Back 372

residual volume
right ventricle

Front 373

S1, S2 (and so on)

Back 373

first sacral vertebra, second sacral vertebra (and so on)

Front 374

SA, S-A

Back 374

sinoatrial

Front 375

SaO2

Back 375

arterial oxygen saturation

Front 376

SCC

Back 376

squamous cell carcinoma

Front 377

SD

Back 377

shoulder disarticulation

Front 378

SIADH

Back 378

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

Front 379

SICS

Back 379

small incision cataract surgery

Front 380

SMAS

Back 380

superficial musculoaponeurotic system (flap)

Front 381

sp. gr.

Back 381

specific gravity

Front 382

SPECT

Back 382

single photon emission computed tomography

Front 383

ST

Back 383

esotropia

Front 384

subcu, Sub-Q, subQ*

Back 384

subcutaneous

Front 385

T1, T2, etc.

Back 385

first thoracic vertebra, second thoracic vertebra, etc.

Front 386

T3

Back 386

triiodothyronine

Front 387

T4

Back 387

thyroxine

Front 388

T&A

Back 388

tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

Front 389

TAH

Back 389

total abdominal hysterectomy

Front 390

TFT

Back 390

thyroid function test

Front 391

THA

Back 391

total hip arthroplasty

Front 392

ther

Back 392

therapy

Front 393

THR

Back 393

total hip replacement

Front 394

TIA

Back 394

transient ischemic attack

Front 395

TIBC

Back 395

total iron-binding capacity

Front 396

t.i.d.*

Back 396

three times a day

Front 397

TKA

Back 397

total knee arthroplasty

Front 398

TKR

Back 398

total knee replacement

Front 399

TPR

Back 399

temperature, pulse, and respiration

Front 400

TRAM

Back 400

transverse rectus abdominis muscle

Front 401

TSE

Back 401

testicular self examination

Front 402

TURP

Back 402

transurethral resection of the prostate

Front 403

TVH

Back 403

total vaginal hysterectomy

Front 404

TVH-BSO

Back 404

total vaginal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

Front 405

UC

Back 405

uterine contractions

Front 406

UGIS

Back 406

upper GI series

Front 407

U&L, U/L

Back 407

upper and lower

Front 408

ung

Back 408

ointment

Front 409

UPP

Back 409

uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

Front 410

URI

Back 410

upper respiratory infection

Front 411

VA

Back 411

visual acuity

Front 412

VC

Back 412

vital capacity

Front 413

VCUG

Back 413

voiding cystourethrography

Front 414

VF

Back 414

visual field

Front 415

VSD

Back 415

ventricular septal defect

Front 416

VT

Back 416

ventricular tachycardia

Front 417

VUR

Back 417

vesicoureteral reflux

Front 418

WD

Back 418

well-developed

Front 419

WN

Back 419

well-nourished

Front 420

XP, XDP

Back 420

xeroderma pigmentosum

Front 421

XT

Back 421

exotropia

Front 422

U*

Back 422

unit