Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Motor Control |
The ability to maintain and change posture & movement |
|
|
|
Motor Development |
An ongoing process of motor ability, the products of which are developmental milestones |
|
|
|
Motor Learning |
Process of making a permanent change in motor performance as a result of practice or experience |
|
|
|
3 Phases of Motor Learning |
Cognitive - "thinking about task" Associative - "trial and error" Autonomous - "mastery" |
|
|
|
Key points of the Hierarchy Model |
A top down model Cortex is highest level Ultimate goal is full volitional control of movement by the cortex Reflexes develop first but become a backup system as brain matures |
|
|
|
Key points of the Systems Model |
More than just the CNS Posture & Movement are self organizing and could be their own systems. Feedback is crucial |
|
|
|
Open Loop Feedback |
Actions performed so quickly there is no time for feedback. Stimuli initiates a preprogrammed response. Action is adjusted afterward |
|
|
|
Closed loop feedback |
"Correct as you go" Feedback generated from one action feeds into the next. Ex: walking, driving |
|
|
|
3 Sway Strategies |
Ankle - normal standing. Small adjustments with ankle Hip - for narrow base of support Step - to prevent a fall when balance is greatly disturbed. Center of gravity exceeds base of support |
|
|
|
3 Cognitive Development Theories |
Piaget - 4 stages of cognitive development Maslow - Hierarchy of Needs Erikson - 8 developmental tasks |
|
|
|
Epigenesis |
Humans go from simple organisms to more complex as they age |
|
|
|
Cephalocaudal Development |
Head to tow development. Head control develops before trunk control. Upper Extremity control develops before Lower Extremity |
|
|
|
Proximal to distal development |
Development in reference to midline of the body. Trunk is the stable base for the head above and for limb movement distally |
|
|
|
Mass to specific |
Simple movements to complex movements. The ability to separate movements in one body part from movements in another is called dissociation. Mass to specific is developing dissociation |
|
|
|
Gross to Fine |
Gross, large muscle movements develop followed by fine, discrete movements. |
|
|
|
Gross Motor Milestones (know the order) |
Head control - 4 months Rolling - 6-8 months Sitting - 8 months Creeping - 9 months Cruising - 10 months Walking- 12 months |
Walking takes about 1 year to develop. Development is cephalocaudal |
|
|
Fine Motor Milestones (know the order) |
Palmar grasp reflex - birth Raking - 5 months Voluntary palmar grasp - 6 months Radial palmar grasp - 7 months Radial digital grasp - 9 months Inferior pincer grasp - 9-12 months Superior pincer grasp - 12 months Three-jaw chuck - 12 months |
Development is proximal to distal and gross to fine. Three jaw chuck takes about 1 year to develop |
|
|
Prenatal development |
Germinal period: zygote 0-2 weeks Embryonic period: 2-6 weeks Fetal period: 7 weeks to birth |
Prenatal development is characterized by reflexive movements AND spontaneous movements |
|
|
Neonate |
Birth to 2 weeks old |
|
|
|
1-3 month infant characteristics |
Physiological flexion Supine is preferred position Head alignment - can focus & track objects only to midline |
|
|
|
7-9 month infant characteristics |
Characterized by mobility Sitting is preferred Rolling is mastered Sit unsupported Prone is transitional Can grasp with upper extremities |
|
|
|
10-12 month infant characteristics |
Characterized by walking Standing is preferred - crusing/high guarding Other postures are transitional |
|
