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117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The treatment of disease by rays of light is known as _________?
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actinotherapy
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The use of cold in treatment of disease is known as ___________?
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cryotherapy
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The use of muscle stim is an example of what kind of therapy?
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Electrotherapy
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The use of water in treatment therapy is known as_________?
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Hydrotherapy
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The use of machines and exercise as a form of therapy is also known as __________?
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mechanotherapy
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What is the primary effect of cryotherapy?
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Hypothermal
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What is the primary effect of superficial heat?
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Thermal
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What is the primary effect of electrotherapy/muscle stim?
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Electrokinetic
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What are the 3 types of application of therapy?
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Conduction, Evaporation, Convection
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What is the term for an application of a solid, liquid or gas applied to the skin that is lower in temperature?
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conduction
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What type of application occurs when volatile liquids are sprayed on the skin?
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evaporation
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The use of currents and a fluid medium (ie. ultrasound) is an example of what type of application?
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Convection
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Name at least 3 localized effects of cold
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Reduced nerve conduction, analgesia, reduction of cell metabolism, vasoconstriction, decrease in exudates, spasm reduction, decreased capillary blood pressure, increased muscle tone
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What is the general effect cold has on fatigue?
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cold decreases fatigue
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Name the two types of vapocoolant sprays in cryotherapy?
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1. flouri-methane
2. ethyl chloride |
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What is the treatment time for ice massage?
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5 minutes
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What is an alternate name for ice massage?
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therapeutic ice
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Name some "itis's" that can be treated with ice
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bursitis, epicondylitis, plantar fascitis
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What are the two main vascular reasons to use ice on an acute injury?
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1. Stop the bleed
2. Slow edema |
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When there is a primary vasodilation at the anastamoses due to prolonged treatment, what's this called?
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Hunting reaction
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Name a contraindication to cryotherapy.
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Raynaud's, Chilblain, Gout, RA, Diabetes
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Pain sensitive nerves growing into scar tissue is known as ________ _________?
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Territorial invasion
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How many weeks is a patient considered to be in the regeneration phase of tissue healing?
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6 to 8 weeks
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Name the 3 stages (in order) of Soft tissue injury.
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1. acute inflammation
2. regeneration 3. remodeling |
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Name the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation
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Pain - dolor
Heat - calor Redness - rubor Swelling - tumor |
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What is the term describing pain as a cardinal sign of inflammation?
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Dolor
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What is the term describing heat as a cardinal sign of inflammation?
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Calor
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What is the term describing redness as a cardinal sign of inflammation?
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rubor
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What is the term describing swelling as a cardinal sign of inflammation?
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tumor
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Putting a heat pack on a person's lower extremities in order to stimulate blood flow in the area is known as what type of response?
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systemic parasympathetic vasomotor response
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Name the 3 types of superficial heat
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Condction, Convection, Radiation
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What type of superficial heat is a hydrocollator pack considered?
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Conduction
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What type of superficial heat is a whirlpool considered?
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Convection
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Using an infrared lamp is considered what type of superficial heat?
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Radiation
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What temperature is the lowest your hydrocollator should be set at in fahrenheit?
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150 degrees
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Name some contraindications to superificial heat
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diabetes, inflammatory stage, neoplasm, Big & Little 4
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Name the Big 4
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1. Impaired circulation
2. Decreased neurological function 3. Too little vascularture (in the young) 4. Unhealthy vascularture (in the old) |
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Name the Big 4
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1. Impaired circulation
2. Decreased neurological function 3. Too little vascularture (in the young) 4. Unhealthy vascularture (in the old) |
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Name the Big 4
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1. Impaired circulation
2. Decreased neurological function 3. Too little vascularture (in the young) 4. Unhealthy vascularture (in the old) |
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Name the Big 4
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1. Impaired circulation
2. Decreased neurological function 3. Too little vascularture (in the young) 4. Unhealthy vascularture (in the old) |
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Name the "other 4" that you shouldn't use heat modalities on
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1. Growth plates
2. Fetus 3. Cancer 4. Infections |
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Name the "other 4" that you shouldn't use heat modalities on
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1. Growth plates
2. Fetus 3. Cancer 4. Infections |
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Name the "other 4" that you shouldn't use heat modalities on
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1. Growth plates
2. Fetus 3. Cancer 4. Infections |
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Name the "other 4" that you shouldn't use heat modalities on
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1. Growth plates
2. Fetus 3. Cancer 4. Infections |
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What are the steps of patient sensation felt from ice massage?
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CBAN
Coolness, Burning, Aching, Numbness |
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What are the steps of patient sensation felt from ice massage?
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CBAN
Coolness, Burning, Aching, Numbness |
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What is the term used for overexposure from heat therapies?
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Erythema ab igne
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How many towel layers are needed for heat therapies?
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six
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Name a type of heat therapy you should use on non-acute arthridities?
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Paraffin
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What is the ratio of paraffin to mineral oil?
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7:1 or 4:1
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What is the ratio of mineral oil to paraffin?
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1:7 or 1:4 (read the question!!)
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What is added to paraffin to lower the melting point of the wax?
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Mineral oil
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Name a type of heat therapy you could use on an open wound
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Fluidotherapy (the ONLY one you can use)
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What is the melting point of paraffin?
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125-130 degrees F
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How many immersions should you use on a patient with paraffin therapy?
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7-10 immersions
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True/False? Paraffin is not flammable.
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False
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True/False? It's a bad thing to smoke your trendy artificial chemical amusements around a patient receiving paraffin therapy.
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True - it'll burn yo ass up!
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Turning electrical energy into mechanical energy with ultrasound therapy is called the _________ _______.
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piezoelectric effect
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What effect does ultrasound cause on tissue?
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piezoelectric
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What effects does continuous ultrasound produce on tissue?
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micromassage AND HEAT
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What effect(s) are produced from pulsed ultrasound?
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Micromassage
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Which ultrasound therapy produces heat?
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continuous
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Name the frequencies available to us for ultrasound.
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1 and 3.3 megahertz
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What frequency of ultrasound should you use to penetrate 2 inches of tissue?
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1 mhz
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What frequency of ultrasound should you use to penetrate 3/4 inch of tissue?
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3.3 mhz
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What substance is considered the best conductor for ultrasound?
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Water
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What is the most common crystal found in ultrasound machines?
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Barium Titanate
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Power for ultrasound is measured in what?
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Watts
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What frequency of ultrasound do you use to affect 5 centimeters deep of tissue?
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1 mhz
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Intensity of ultrasound is measured in what?
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watts/cm squared
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Where do you get the most heat absorption (and thus burn) from ultrasound therapy?
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bone-muscle interface aka periosteum
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True/False? Sub-acute and chronic radiculitis is an indication to use ultrasound.
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True
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True/False? Sub-acute and chronic radiculitis is a contraindication to use ultrasound.
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False
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Acute radiculitis is a (contraindication/indication) of ultrasound therapy?
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contraindication
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Is it safe to use ultrasound over a spinous process?
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No
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Introducing a substance to the body through the skin with the assistance of ultrasound is called?
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phonophoresis
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If you introduced hydrocortisone through the skin during ultrasound, this is called?
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phonophoresis (it's usually coupled with the gel)
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What is the most common beam nonuniformity ratio used?
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5:1
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What is the best nonuniformity ratio?
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2:1
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What is the other term for direct/monophasic low frequency currents?
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galvanic
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What is the other term for alternating low frequency current?
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biphasic
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What is the other term for galvanic low frequency currents?
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direct OR monophasic
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Electrons displaced or added to or from an atom is called ___________.
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ionization
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Units of potential energy are called __________ or ____________ force.
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volts or electromotive force
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The pathway that electrons move or flow due to a difference in charge is known as a _______. (in other words, this is what is created by using at least 2 pads for muscle stim)
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Circuit
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What is the biological term for electric resistance?
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impedance
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What organ is the biggest resistor to electrical current in the body?
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skin
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If you decrease electrical frequency, what do you do to resistance?
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increase (frequency inversely associated with resistance)
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What is the formula of Ohm's law? (note: you must know how to apply it multiple ways)
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E=I*R
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What do you use to solve for intensity with Ohm's law?
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E/R (electromotive force divided by resistance)
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The intensity of an electric current varies directly with the electromotive force and inversely with the resistance of the pathway - This definition is called what?
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Ohm's law
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The movement of electrons back and forth from pole to pole is called a _____?
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Cycle
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A cycle of one alternating current in one second is called one _____.
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Hertz
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The amount of current needed to produce muscular contraction is called _________ or intensity.
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rheobase
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The shortest time interval that is needed to produce a muscular contraction is called ___________ or time.
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chronaxie
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Indications to use EMS?
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adhesions, restricted joint motion, PAIN indirectly (the big one)
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What level do you need to set the hertz at to release enkephalins?
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70-150 hz (although 80-120 preferred by Dr. K)
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At what level should your electric stim be set at to produce endorphin release?
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1-10 hz (although at machines it says 3-5)
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The only medium frequency current is called ___________ current.
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interferential current
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What general CNS structure do enkephalins originate from?
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spinal cord
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Where do endorphins come from anatomically?
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site specific
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What modality is our only medium frequency current?
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interferential
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What is the cycle time for russian stim?
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10/50
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Overstimulation of a nerve causing fatigue/inhibition of a muscle is known as ___________ inhibition.
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Wedensky
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When you can't feel stim on a muscle near the end of treatment, this is an example of _________ inhibition.
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Wedensky
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Vectoring is a function of _________.
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intensity
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Sweep is a function of _________. (Guaranteed TQ!)
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frequency
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What is the Hz setting for Russian stim?
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2500 Hz
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Dosages ______ is an alternate word for pain control.
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mitis
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What dosis is an aggressive treatment for chronic pain/injury?
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Dosis Fortis
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What dosis is used to describe when you are brought to your pain threshold?
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Dosis Normalis
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What dosis is used for pain-killing but works below threshold?
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Dosis Sumitis
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What is the term for the Dosis that involves your own personal perception of your pain control?
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Dosis Mitis
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Briefly describe the Gate Theory
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Neurological control of pain determining which types of pain get to the brain and which doesn't - helps explain phantom or chronic pain
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Who thought up the Gate Theory?
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Melzack & Wall
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Destruction or stress placed upon tissues of the body is known as ___________ pain.
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mechanical
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Dull, diffuse ache unrelated to posture is known as ___________ pain.
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visceral
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