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647 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is number 1?
|
Sternum
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What is number 2?
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True Ribs 1-7
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What is number 3?
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Flase and Floating Ribs 8-12
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What is number 4?
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Costal Cartilage
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What is number 1?
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Anterior Tubercle
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What is number 2?
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Anterior Arch
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What is number 4?
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Transverse Processes
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What is number 1?
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Interior Articular Facets
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What is number 2?
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Posterior Arch
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What is number 3?
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Anterior Arch
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What is number 4?
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Foramen Transversarium
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What is number 1?
|
Posterior Tubercle
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What is number 2?
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Posterior Arch
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What is number 3?
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Transverse Processes
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What is number 1?
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Grooves for vertebral arteries and suboccipital nerves
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What is number 2?
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Foramen Transversarium
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What is number 4?
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Superior Articular Facet on lateral masses
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What is number 1?
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Cervical Vertebrae
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What is number 1?
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Cervical Vertebrae
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What is number 2?
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Thoracic Vertebrae
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What is number 3?
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Lumbar Vertebrae
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What is number 4?
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Sacral Vertebrae
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What is number 1?
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Cervical Vertebrae
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What is number 2?
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Thoracic Vertebrae
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What is number 3?
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Lumbar Vertebrae
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What is number 4?
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Sacral Vertebrae
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What is number 1?
|
Intervertebral Discs- Cervical
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What is number 2?
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Intervertebral Discs- Thoracic
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What is number 3?
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Intervertebral Discs- Lumbar
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What is number 4?
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Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
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What is number 1?
|
Atlas
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What is number 2?
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Axis
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What is number 3?
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Capsules of the zygoaphyseal joints
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What is number 4?
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Ligamentum Nuchae
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What is number 1?
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Capsules of the zygoapophyseal joints
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What is number 2?
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Supraspinous ligament
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What is number 3?
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Thoracic Vertebrae
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What is number 4?
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Ribs
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What is number 1?
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Lumbar Vertebrae
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What is number 3?
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Supraspinous Ligament
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What is number 4?
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Intertransverse Ligament
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What is number 1?
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First sacral vertebrae
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What is number 2?
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Sacrum
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What is number 3?
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Coccyx
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What is number 4?
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Capsules of the zygapophyseal joints
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What is number 1?
|
Body
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What is number 2?
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Transverse Processes
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What is number 3?
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Costotubercular facets on transverse processes
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What is number 4?
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Superior articular processes
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What is number 1?
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Superior costocapitular demifacets
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What is number 2?
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Pedicles
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What is number 3?
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Transverse Processes
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What is number 4?
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Costotubercular facets on transverse processes
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What is number 1?
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Superior articular facets
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What is number 2?
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Laminae
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What is number 3?
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Spinous Process
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What is number 3?
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Spinous Process
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What is number 4?
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Superior Articular Processes
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What is number 2?
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Inferior articular facets
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What is number 4?
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Vertebral Foramen
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What is number 1?
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Insertion of longissimus thoracic
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What is number 2?
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Origins of iliocostalis thoracis
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What is number 3?
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Attachments of ratatores thoracis
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What is number 4?
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Attachment of costarum longi
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What is number 1?
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Attachments of rotatores cervicis
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What is number 2?
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Insertion of semispinalis cervicis
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What is number 3?
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Insertion of iliocostalis cervicis
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What is number 4?
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Insertions of longissimus cervicis
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What is number 1?
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Attachments of intercostal muscles and membranes
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What is number 2?
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Attachment of diaphragm
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What is number 3?
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Anterior longitudinal ligament
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What is number 1?
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Attachments of levatores costarum brevis
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What is number 3?
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Attachments of levatores costarum longi
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What is number 4?
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Origin of iliocostalis thoracis
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What is number 1?
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Origin of serratus posterior: inferior
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What is number 2?
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Origin of serratus anterior
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What is number 3?
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Attachments of intercostal muscles and membrane
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What is number 1?
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Origin of serratus posterior superior
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What is number 2?
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Lateral costotransverse ligament
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What is number 3?
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Supraspinous ligament
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What is number 1?
|
Body
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What is number 2?
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Spinous Process
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What is number 3?
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Transverse Processes
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What is number 4?
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Superior Articular Processes
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What is number 1?
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Pedicles
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What is number 2?
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Mimillary Processes
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What is number 3?
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Inferior Articular Facets
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What is number 4?
|
Laminae
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What is number 1?
|
Laminae
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What is number 2?
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Mamillary Processes
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What is number 3?
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Superior Articular Facets
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What is number 4?
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Transverse Processes
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What is number 1?
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Vertebral Foramen
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What is number 3?
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Accessory Processes
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What is number 4?
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Inferior articular processes
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What is number 1?
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Superior Articular Facet
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What is number 2?
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Superior Vertebral Notch
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What is number 3?
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Body
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What is number 4?
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Spinous Process
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What is number 1?
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Attachments of transversospinalis: multifidus
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What is number 2?
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Insertion of latissimus dorsi
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What is number 3?
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Insertion of serratus posterior inferior
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What is number 2?
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Attachment of diaphram
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What is number 1?
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Attachments of interspinous ligament/interspinales
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What is number 2?
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Attachments of intertransversarii: anterior antertransverse muscles
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What is number 3?
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Attachments of intertransversarii: posterior intertransverse muscles
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What is number 4?
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Attachments of supraspinous ligament
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What is number 1?
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Attachment of quadratus lumborum
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What is number 1?
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Shaft
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What is number 2?
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Groove for subclavian vein
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What is number 3?
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Scalene Tubercle
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What is number 4?
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Groove for subclavian artery
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What is number 1?
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Non-articular part of tubercle
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What is number 2?
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Neck
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What is number 3?
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Head
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What is number 4?
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Crest of the neck
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What is number 1?
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Articular facet of the head
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What is number 2?
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Non-articular part of tubercle
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What is number 3?
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Articular part of tubercle
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What is number 4?
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Head
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What is number 1?
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Manubrium sterni
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What is number 2?
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Sternal Angle
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What is number 3?
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Body
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What is number 1?
|
Anterior Transverse Lines
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What is number 2?
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Facet for 3rd Costal Cartilage
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What is number 3?
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Facet for 4th Costal Cartilage
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What is number 1?
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Facet for 6th costal cartilage
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What is number 2?
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Inferior Border
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What is number 3?
|
Facet for 7th costal cartilage
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What is number 4?
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Facet for 5th costal cartilage
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What is number 1?
|
Articular fossa for clavicle
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What is number 2?
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Jugular Notch
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What is number 3?
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Facet for 1st costal cartilage
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What is number 4?
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Superior Border
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What is the action of the semispinalis cervicis?
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When acting on one side, it bend the spinal column toward that side; when acting both sides extend the spinal column
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What is the innervation of the semispinalis cervicis?
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Twigs from the medial branches
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What is the blood supply of the semispinalis cervicis?
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Deep cervical atery, posterior intercostal, and subcostal artery
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What is the proximal attachment of of the semispinalis cervicis?
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Transverse processes of upper five or six thoracic vertebrae
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What is the distal attachment of the semispinalis cervicis?
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Cervical spinous processes of the axis to the 5th
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What is the action of the semispinalis capitis?
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Extend the head
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What is the innervation of the semispinalis capitis?
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Greater occipital nerve
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What is the blood supply of the semispinalis capitis?
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Deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal, subcostal and lumbar arteries
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What is the proximal attachment of the semispinalis capitis?
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Transversal process of lower cerval and higher thoracal column
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What is the distal attachment of the semispinalis capitis?
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Area between superior and inferior nuchal line
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What is the action of the the multifidus?
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Stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column
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What is the innervation of the the multifidus?
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Posterior branches
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What is the blood supply of the the multifidus?
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Deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal, subcostal and lumbar arteries
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What is the proximal attachment of the the multifidus?
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Sacrum, ertector spinae aponeurosis, PSIS, and iliac crest
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What is the distal attachment of the the multifidus?
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Spinous process
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What is the action of the rotatores cervicis?
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Rotation between adjacent cervical vertebrae
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What is the innervation of the rotatores cervicis?
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Dorsal rami of C3-C8
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What is the blood supply of the rotatores cervicis?
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Deep cervical artery
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What is the proximal attachment of the rotatores cervicis?
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Supero-posterial aspect of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae
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What is the distal attachment of the rotatores cervicis?
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Inferior border and lateral surface of the laminae of the cervical vertebrae above
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What is the action of the rotatores thoracis?
|
Rotation between adjacent thoracic vertebrae
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What is the innervation of the rotatores thoracis?
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Dorsal rami of T1-T11
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What is the blood supply of the rotatores thoracis?
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Posterior intercostal, subcostal and lumbar arteries
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What is the proximal attachment of the rotatores thoracis?
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Supero-posterior aspect of the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae
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What is the distal attachment of the rotatores thoracis?
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Inferior border and lateral surface of the laminae of the vertebrae above
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What is the action of the interspinales?
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Extension, flexion, and rotation of the vertebral column
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What is the innervation of the interspinales?
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Posterior rami of spinal nerves
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What is the blood supply of the interspinales?
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Deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal, subcostal and lumbar arteries
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What is the proximal attachment of the interspinales?
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Spinous Process
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What is the distal attachment of the interspinales?
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Spinous Process
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What is the action of the intertransversarii-posterior intertransverse muscles?
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Lateral flexion of trunk
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What is the innervation of the intertransversarii-posterior intertransverse muscles?
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Anterior rami of spinal nerves
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What is the blood supply of the intertransversarii-posterior intertransverse muscles?
|
Deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal, subcostal and lumbar arteries
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What is the proximal attachment of the intertransversarii-posterior intertransverse muscles?
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Transverse Process
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What is the distal attachment of the intertransversarii-posterior intertransverse muscles?
|
Transverse Process above
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What is the action of the intertransversarii-anterior intertransverse muscles?
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Lateral flexion of trunk
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What is the innervation of the intertransversarii-anterior intertransverse muscles?
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Anterior rami of spinal nerves
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What is the blood supply of the intertransversarii-anterior intertransverse muscles?
|
Deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal, subcostal and lumbar arteries
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What is the proximal attachment of the intertransversarii-anterior intertransverse muscles?
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Transverse Process
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What is the distal attachment of the intertransversarii-anterior intertransverse muscles?
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Transverse Process above
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What is the action of the serratus posterior superior?
|
Elevation of the ribs
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What is the innervation of the serratus posterior superior?
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2nd to 5th intercostal nerves
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What is the blood supply of the serratus posterior superior?
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Posterior intercostal aa 1-4
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What is the proximal attachment of the serratus posterior superior?
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Ligamentum nuchae, spines of vertebrae C7 and T1-3
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What is the distal attachment of the serratus posterior superior?
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Ribs 1-4, lateral to the angles
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What is the action of the serratus posterior inferior?
|
Pulls the ribs downward and backward
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What is the innervation of the serratus posterior inferior?
|
Branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T9-12
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What is the blood supply of the serratus posterior inferior?
|
Lowest posterior intercostal artery, subcostal artery, and first two lumbar arteries
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What is the proximal attachment of the serratus posterior inferior?
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Thoracolumbar fascia, spines of vertebrae T11-12 and L1-2
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What is the distal attachment of the serratus posterior inferior?
|
Ribs 9-12, lateral to the angles
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What is the action of the rectus capitis posterior minor?
|
Extends the head on the neck and stabilization of the atlanto-occipital joint during movement
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What is the innervation of the rectus capitis posterior minor?
|
Dorsal ramus of C1
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What is the blood supply of the rectus capitis posterior minor?
|
Vertebral and occipital artery
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What is the proximal attachment of the rectus capitis posterior minor?
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Posterior tubercle of C1
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What is the distal attachment of the rectus capitis posterior minor?
|
Medial part of the inferior nuchal line and occipital bone to the foramen magnum and medial and deep to the rectus capitis posterior major
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What is the action of the rectus capitis posterior major?
|
Extends the head on the neck, rotates the face to the same side, stabilizes the atlanto-occipital joint
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|
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What is the innervation of the rectus capitis posterior major?
|
Dorsal ramus of C1
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What is the blood supply of the rectus capitis posterior major?
|
Vertebral and occipital artery
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What is the proximal attachment of the rectus capitis posterior major?
|
Spinous process of C2
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What is the distal attachment of the rectus capitis posterior major?
|
Lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone, deep to superior oblique and semispinalis capitis
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What is the action of the oblique capitis superior?
|
Extends head on the neck, flexs the head on the neck, stablizes the atlanto-occipital joint
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What is the innervation of the oblique capitis superior?
|
Dorsal ramus of C1
|
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What is the blood supply of the oblique capitis superior?
|
Vertebral and occipital artery
|
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What is the proximal attachment of the oblique capitis superior?
|
Superior surface of the transverse process of C1
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What is the distal attachment of the oblique capitis superior?
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Occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines
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What is the action of the oblique capitis inferior?
|
Rotates the face to the same side and stabilizes the atlanto-axial joint
|
|
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What is the innervation oblique capitis inferior?
|
Dorsal ramus of C1
|
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What is the blood supply oblique capitis inferior?
|
Vertebral and occipital artery
|
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What is the proximal attachment oblique capitis inferior?
|
Lateral surface of the spinous process and adjacent lamina of C2
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What is the distal attachment oblique capitis inferior?
|
Infero-posterior aspect of the transverse process of C1
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What is the action of the splenius capitis?
|
Extends the head and neck, rotates the face to the same side
|
|
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What is the innervation of the splenius capitis?
|
Dorsal rami of C3-C5
|
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What is the blood supply of the splenius capitis?
|
Musclar branches of the aorta
|
|
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What is the proximal attachment of the splenius capitis?
|
Lower half of teh ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T4 and intervening supraspinous ligaments
|
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What is the distal attachment of the splenius capitis?
|
Mastoid process and occipital bone
|
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What is the action of the splenius cervicis?
|
Flexes, slightly rotates and extends the neck
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the splenius cervicis?
|
Dorsal rami of C5-C7
|
|
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What is the blood supply of the splenius cervicis?
|
Muscular branches of the aorta
|
|
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What is the proximal attachment of the splenius cervicis?
|
Spinous processes of T3-T6
|
|
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What is the distal attachment of the splenius cervicis?
|
Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C1-C3
|
|
|
What is the action of the rhomboid major?
|
Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity, also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the rhomboid major?
|
Dorsal Scapular Nerve C5
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the rhomboid major?
|
Dorsal scapular artery
|
|
|
What is the proximal attachment of the rhomboid major?
|
Spinous processes of the T12-T5 vertebrae
|
|
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What is the distal attachment of the rhomboid major?
|
Medial border of the scapula, inferior to the insertion of rhomboid minor muscle
|
|
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What is the action of the rhomboid minor?
|
Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity, also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the rhomboid minor?
|
Dorsal scapular nerve C5
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the rhomboid minor?
|
Dorsal scapular artery
|
|
|
What is the proximal attachment of the rhomboid minor?
|
Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-C1 vertebrae
|
|
|
What is the distal attachment of the rhomboid minor?
|
Medial end of the scapular spine
|
|
|
What is the action of the erector spinae?
|
Extends and flexes the vertebral column
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the erector spinae?
|
Posterior branch of the spinal nerve
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the erector spinae?
|
Lateral sacral artery
|
|
|
What is the proximal attachment of the erector spinae?
|
The last 4 thoracic vertebrae
|
|
|
What is the distal attachment of the erector spinae?
|
The most cranial thoracic vertebrae and the cervical vertebrae
|
|
|
What is the action of the levatores costarum brevis?
|
Elevate the ribs, rotates and laterally flexes thoracic spine
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the levatores costarum brevis?
|
Dorsal rami of C8-C11
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the levatores costarum brevis?
|
Intercostal artery
|
|
|
What is the proximal attachment of the levatores costarum brevis?
|
Transverse processes of C7-T12 vertebrae
|
|
|
What is the distal attachment of the levatores costarum brevis?
|
Superior border and external surface of the subjacent rib between the tubercle and angle
|
|
|
What is the action of the levatores costarum longus?
|
Elevate the ribs, rotates and laterally flexes thoracic spine
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the levatores costarum longus?
|
Dorsal rami of T7-10
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the levatores costarum longus?
|
Intercostal artery
|
|
|
What is the proximal attachment of the levatores costarum longus?
|
Transverse processes of T7-10
|
|
|
What is the distal attachment of the levatores costarum longus?
|
Superior border and external surface of the second rib below between the tubercle and angle
|
|
|
What is the action of the external intercostals?
|
Active during inspiration, elevate the ribs
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the external intercostals?
|
Intercostal nerves numbered sequentially according to the intercostal interspace
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the external intercostals?
|
Intercostal artery
|
|
|
What is the proximal attachment of the external intercostals?
|
Lower border of a rib within an intercostal space
|
|
|
What is the distal attachment of the external intercostals?
|
Upper border of the rib below, coursing, downward and medially
|
|
|
What is the action of the internal intercostals?
|
Active during inspiration, depression of the ribs and active during expiration
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the internal intercostals?
|
Intercostal nerves
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the internal intercostals?
|
Intercostal artery
|
|
|
What is the proximal attachment of the internal intercostals?
|
Lower border of rib above, coursing up and medially
|
|
|
What is the distal attachment of the internal intercostals?
|
Upper border of a rib
|
|
|
What is the action of the innermost intercostales?
|
Elevate the ribs
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the innermost intercostales?
|
Intercostal nerves
|
|
|
What is blood supply of the innermost intercostales?
|
Intercostal artery
|
|
|
What is the proximal attachment of the innermost intercostales?
|
Lower borders of a rib
|
|
|
What is the distal attachment of the innermost intercostales?
|
Upper border of the rib below
|
|
|
What is the action of the transversus thoracis?
|
Depress the superior ribs and can aid in forced expiration
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the transversus thoracis?
|
Intercostal nerves
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the transversus thoracis?
|
Intercostal artery
|
|
|
What is the proximal attachment of the transversus thoracis?
|
The posterior aspect of the body of the sternum and the xiphoid process
|
|
|
What is the distal attachment of the transversus thoracis?
|
Internal surface of second to sixth costal cartilage
|
|
|
What is the action of the subcostales?
|
Depress the superior ribs and can aid in forced expiration
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the subcostales?
|
Intercostal nerves
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the subcostales?
|
Intercostal artery
|
|
|
What is the proximal attachment of the subcostales?
|
Internal surface of a rib, near the angle, in the posterior thoracic wall
|
|
|
What is the distal attachment of the subcostales?
|
Internal surface of the second or third more inferior rib, they run parallel to the internal intercostals in the space between the intercostal vessels and nerve and the pleura
|
|
|
What is the action of the subclavius?
|
Stablizes the clavicle during shoulder activity, steadying the clavicle in the SC joint
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the subclavius?
|
Small branch from the brachial plexus, just distal to the junction of C5 and C6 roots
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the subclavius?
|
Thoracoacromial artery, clavicular branch
|
|
|
What is the proximal attachment of the subclavius?
|
Junction of first rib and costal cartilage
|
|
|
What is the distal attachment of the subclavius?
|
Inferior surface of the middle third of the clavicle
|
|
|
What is the origin of the subclavian artery?
|
Right: arises from the brachiocephalic
trunk. Left:arises from the arch of aorta |
|
|
What is the course of the subclavian artery?
|
Right: passes laterally, arches behind scalenus anterior and crosses the 1st rib to become the right axillary artery.
Left: ascends through the mediastinum, arches behind scalenus anterior and crosses the 1st rib to become the left axillary artery |
|
|
What is the distribution of the subclavian artery?
|
Neck, upper limb, CNS, thoracic wall
|
|
|
What are the branches of the subclavian artery?
|
Vertebral artery, internal thoracic
artery, thyrocervical trunk, costocervical trunk,dorsal scapular artery. |
|
|
What is the origin of the left pulmonary artery?
|
The left division of the pulmonary
trunk |
|
|
What is the course of the left pulmonary artery?
|
Ascends laterally to curve around the left principle bronchus and enter the hilum of the lung where it branches
|
|
|
What is the distribution of the left pulmonary artery?
|
Delivers deoxygenated blood to the left lungwhere it is oxygenated
|
|
|
What are the branches of the left pulmonary artery?
|
N/A
|
|
|
What is the origin of pulmary trunk?
|
Right Ventricle
|
|
|
What is the course of the pulmonary trunk?
|
Ascends posteriorly and to the left of the ascending aorta and under the aortic arch
|
|
|
What is the distribution of the pulmonary trunk?
|
Supplies deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it is oxygenated
|
|
|
What are the branches of the pulmonary trunk?
|
Divides into right and left pulmonary arteries
|
|
|
What is the origin of the common carotid artery?
|
Right: a branch of the brachiocephalic trunk,
Left: a branch of the arch of the aorta |
|
|
What is the course of the common carotid artery?
|
Ascends the neck anterior to the transverse processes of C6 to C4 and lateral to the trachea; it is crossed by omohyoid, the internal jugular vein
and sternocleidomastoid |
|
|
What is the distribution of the common carotid artery?
|
Head, superior neck
|
|
|
What are the branches of the common carotid artery?
|
External and internal carotid arteries at the level of the thyroid cartilage
|
|
|
What is the origin of the arch of aorta?
|
A continuation of the ascending aorta at the level of the 2nd costal cartilage
|
|
|
What is the course of the arch of aorta?
|
Passes supero-posteriorly over the trachea, to descend to the left of the vertebral column; on reaching the level of T4, it continues as the descending aorta
|
|
|
What is the distribution of the arch of aorta?
|
Head and neck, upper limbs
|
|
|
What are the branches of the arch of aorta?
|
Brachiocephalic trunk,left common
carotid artery,left subclavian artery |
|
|
What is the origin of the brachiocephalic trunk?
|
The largest branch from the arch of aorta
|
|
|
What is the course of the brachiocephalic trunk?
|
Ascends into the neck behind the
manubrium |
|
|
What is the distribution of the brachiocephalic trunk?
|
Right upper limb,right side of the
head |
|
|
What are the branches of the brachiocephalic trunk?
|
Terminates by dividing into the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries
|
|
|
What is the origin of the right coronary artery?
|
A branch of the ascending aorta
|
|
|
What is the course of the right coronary artery?
|
Passes between the right auricle and pulmonary trunk to reach the coronary sulcus, a groove located between the right atrium and ventricle, in which it descends vertically curving onto the diaphragmatic surface of the heart
|
|
|
What is the distribution of the right coronary artery?
|
Right atrium, right ventricle, sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node
|
|
|
What are the branches of the right coronary artery?
|
Marginal artery,posterior interventricular artery.
|
|
|
What is the origin of the left coronary artery: circumflex artery?
|
A branch of the left coronary artery
|
|
|
What is the course of the left coronary artery: circumflex artery?
|
Passes along the left part of the
atrioventricular sulcus and terminates at the crux of the heart (the junction between the atrioventricular, interatrial and posterior interventricular grooves |
|
|
What is the distribution of the left coronary artery: circumflex artery?
|
Outer wall of the left atrium
|
|
|
What are the branches of the left coronary artery: circumflex artery?
|
Terminates at the crux of the left part of the atrioventricular sulcus
|
|
|
What is the origin of the right coronary artery: posterior interventricular arteries?
|
A branch of the right coronary artery
|
|
|
What is the course of the right coronary artery: posterior interventricular arteries?
|
Passes along the posterior
interventricular sulcus, located on the inferior surface (base) of the heart, to the apex |
|
|
What is the distribution of the right coronary artery: posterior interventricular arteries?
|
Posterior right ventricular, poster left ventricular
|
|
|
What are the branches of the right coronary artery: posterior interventricular arteries?
|
Septal branches
|
|
|
What is the origin of the left coronary artery: anterior interventricular artery
|
A branch of the left coronary artery
|
|
|
What is the course of the left coronary artery: anterior interventricular artery
|
Descends in the anterior
interventricular sulcus to the apex of the heart |
|
|
What is the distribution of the left coronary artery: anterior interventricular artery
|
Left ventricle,right ventricle,
intermuscular septum |
|
|
What are the branches of the left coronary artery: anterior interventricular artery
|
Anterior interventricular septal
branches |
|
|
What is the origin of the left coronary artery?
|
A branch of the ascending aorta
|
|
|
What is the course of the left coronary artery?
|
Passes for 1 cm between the left
auricle and the pulmonary trunk and then divides |
|
|
What is the distribution of the left coronary artery?
|
Left ventricle,left atrium
|
|
|
What are the branches of the left coronary artery?
|
Anterior interventricular artery,
circumflex artery |
|
|
What is the function of the right ventricle?
|
Pushes deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary trunk to the lungs
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the right ventricle?
|
Right coronary artery
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the right ventricle?
|
ANS
|
|
|
What is the function of the left ventricle?
|
Blood enters the left ventricle from the left atrium at the bicuspid valve, and is forced into the aorta at the aortic valve
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the left ventricle?
|
Coronary artery
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the left ventricle?
|
ANS
|
|
|
What is the function of the right atrium?
|
Functions to receive deoxygenated blood and push it into the right ventricle
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the right atrium?
|
The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava enter the right atrium form the posterior aspect
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the right atrium?
|
ANS
|
|
|
What is the function of the left atrium?
|
Receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs and pushes in into the left ventricle
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the left atrium?
|
Received 4 pulmonary veins, two from each lunch, into its posterior aspect
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the left atrium?
|
ANS
|
|
|
What is the function of the left auricle?
|
Functions to increase the size of the atrium and contains the pectinate muscles of the left atrium, giving its internal surface a ridged appearance
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the left auricle?
|
Left atrial artery
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the left auricle?
|
ANS
|
|
|
What is the function of the right auricle?
|
Functions to increase the size of the atrium and contains pectinate muscles, giving its internal surface a ridged appearance
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the right auricle?
|
Right atrial artery
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the right auricle?
|
ANS
|
|
|
What are the tributaries of the basivertebral veins?
|
Inferior petrosal sinus,facial vein,
lingual vein,pharyngeal vein, superior and middle thyroid veins |
|
|
What is the course of the basivertebral veins?
|
Descends within the carotid sheath, and comes to lie lateral to the internal and common carotid arteries,at the superior and inferior ends, the internal jugular vein forms dilated bulbs
|
|
|
What regions are drained by the basivertebral veins?
|
Brain, cranial cavity, face, neck
|
|
|
The basivertebral veins drain into what?
|
Unites with the subclavian vein
posterior to the clavicle to form the brachiocephalic vein |
|
|
What are the tributaries of the brachiocephalic vein?
|
Vertebral vein,internal thoracic vein,
1st posterior intercostal vein |
|
|
What is the course of the brachiocephalic vein?
|
Right: about 3 cm long, it descends medially behind the clavicle.
Left: about 6 cm long, it descends obliquely right, behind the manubrium |
|
|
What regions are drained by the brachiocephalic vein?
|
Head and neck, upper limb, anterior chest wall
|
|
|
The brachiocephalis vein drains into what?
|
Unites with its opposite to form the superior vena cava
|
|
|
What are the tributaries of the subclavian vein?
|
External jugular vein
|
|
|
What is the course of the subclavian vein?
|
Passes medially in front of scalenus anterior, lying on the first rib and pleura, behind the clavicle and subclavius
|
|
|
What regions are drained by the subclavian vein?
|
Neck,brain,spinal cord,thyroid gland, larynx,shoulder,chest muscles,upper limb
|
|
|
The subclavian vein drains into what?
|
Unites with the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein
|
|
|
What are the tributaries of the superior vena cava?
|
Two brachiocephalic veins, asygos veins
|
|
|
What is the course of the superior vena cava?
|
Descends through the superior
mediastinum to terminate posterior to the third right costal cartilage |
|
|
What regions are drained by the superior vena cava?
|
Body superior to the diaphragm
|
|
|
The superior vena cava drains into what?
|
Heart: right atrium
|
|
|
What are the tributaries of the small cardiac vein?
|
Coronary sulcus, right atrium, right ventricle
|
|
|
What is the course small cardiac vein?
|
Runs in the coronary sulcus between the right atrium and ventricle
|
|
|
What regions are drained by the small cardiac vein?
|
Back of the right atrium and ventricle
|
|
|
The small cardiac vein drains into what?
|
Coronary sinus
|
|
|
What are the tributaries of the coronary sinus?
|
Great cardiac vein,middle cardiac
vein,left marginal vein |
|
|
What is the course of the coronary sinus?
|
Lies in the coronary sulcus located on the posterior surface of the heart
|
|
|
What regions are drained by the coronar sinus?
|
Heart
|
|
|
The coronary sinus drains into what?
|
Right atrium
|
|
|
What are the tributaries of the middle cardiac vein?
|
Left ventricle,right ventricle
|
|
|
What is the course of the middle cardiac vein?
|
Extends from the apex along the base of the heart
|
|
|
What regions are drained by the middle cardiac vein?
|
Apex of the heart,right atrium
|
|
|
The middle cardiac vein drains into what?
|
Coronary sinus
|
|
|
What are the tributaries of the great cardiac vein?
|
Left and right ventricles
|
|
|
What is the course of the great cardiac vein?
|
Begins at the apex of the heart and
ascends the anterior interventricular groove |
|
|
What regions are drained by the great cardiac vein?
|
Apex of heart, right atrium
|
|
|
The great cardiac vein drains into what?
|
Coronary sinus
|
|
|
What is the function of the oropharynx?
|
When food is swallowed, the soft palate moves backwards to block the nasal cavity and the epiglottis moves downwards to
block off the entrance to the larynx; the constrictor muscles can then push the food safely into the esophagus |
|
|
What is the blood supply of the oropharynx?
|
Several branches of the external carotid artery
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the oropharynx?
|
Sensory and motor branches of mainly the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves
|
|
|
What is the function of the laryngopharynx?
|
When food is swallowed, the soft palate moves backwards to block the nasal cavity and the epiglottis moves downwards to
block off the entrance to the larynx; the constrictor muscles can then push the food safely into the esophagus. |
|
|
What is the blood supply of the laryngopharynx?
|
Branches of the external carotid and subclavianarteries
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the laryngopharynx?
|
Pharyngealplexus
|
|
|
What is the function of the respiratory mucosa?
|
The goblet cells produce mucus that keeps the mucosa moist, trapping airborne particles and protecting it from friction. The cilia beat to move the mucus towards the mouth for expulsion or swallowing
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the respiratory mucosa?
|
Branches of the external carotid and subclavian arteries
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the respiratory mucosa?
|
Pharyngealplexus
|
|
|
What is the function of the fibrous membrane of trachea?
|
Connects adjacent tracheal cartilages and completes it posteriorly where the cartilaginous rings are deficient
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the fibrous membrane of trachea?
|
Branches of the external carotid and subclavianarteries
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the fibrous membrane of trachea?
|
Pharyngeal Plexus
|
|
|
What is the function of Right and Left Principal Bronchus?
|
Deliver oxygen to the left and right lungs so that gas exchange can occur
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the Right and Left Principal Bronchus
|
Bronchial artery
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the Right and Left Principal Bronchus
|
Pulmonary Plexus
|
|
|
What is the function of the secondary bronchi?
|
They provide a passage for air into and out of the lungs
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the secondary bronchi?
|
Bronchial Arteries
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the secondary bronchi?
|
Pulmonary Plexus
|
|
|
What is the function of the tertiary bronchi and branches?
|
They provide a passage of ai into and out of the lungs
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the tertiary bronchi and branches?
|
Bronchial Arteries
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the tertiary bronchi and branches?
|
Pulmonary Plexus
|
|
|
What is the function of right lung: superior lobe?
|
Transport oxygen from the
atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere |
|
|
What is the blood supply of the right lung: superior lobe?
|
Bronchial Arteries
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the right lung: superior lobe?
|
Pulmonary Plexus
|
|
|
What is the function of the right lung: middle lobe?
|
Transport oxygen from the
atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere |
|
|
What is the blood supply of the right lung: middle lobe?
|
Bronchial arteries
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the right lung: middle lobe?
|
Pulmonary Plexus
|
|
|
What is the function of the right lung: inferior lobe?
|
Transport oxygen from the
atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere |
|
|
What is the blood supply of the right lung: inferior lobe?
|
Bronchial Arteries
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the right lung: inferior lobe?
|
Pulmonary plexus
|
|
|
What is the function of the pleura?
|
During normal respiration the visceral and parietal layers slide over each other preventing friction between the thoracic wall and lungs.
|
|
|
What is the blood supply of the pleura?
|
Bronchial Arteries
|
|
|
What is the innervation of the pleura?
|
Pulmonary plexus
|
|
|
What is the origin of the white rami communicans?
|
Ventral rami of T1-L2
|
|
|
What is the course of the white rami communicans?
|
Fine, myelinated preganglionic fibers, passing to the corresponding sympathetic trunks
|
|
|
What are the branches of the white rami communicans?
|
N/A
|
|
|
What is the distribution of the white rami communicans?
|
Cell body of postganglionic fiber
|
|
|
What is the origin of the grey rami communicans?
|
Sympathetic trunk
|
|
|
What is the course of the grey rami communicans?
|
Distributed through the dorsal and ventral spinal rami
|
|
|
What are the branches of the grey rami communicans?
|
N/A
|
|
|
What is the distribution of the grey rami communicans?
|
Effector Organs
|
|
|
What is the origin of the superior mesenteric ganglion?
|
Medulla oblongata
|
|
|
What ist the course of the superior mesenteric ganglion?
|
Leaves the cranium through the jugular foramen, where it processes two ganglia, and descends within the carotid sheath to the root of the neck where it enters the thorax
|
|
|
What are the branches of the superior mesenteric ganglion?
|
Pharyngeal brances, laryngeal branches, esophogeal branches
|
|
|
What is the distribution of the superior mesenteric ganglion?
|
Sensory innervation- pharynx, larynx, thoracic viscera, abdominal viscera
Motor innervation- soft palate, pharynx, intrinsic laryngeal muscles, palatoglossus, thoracic viscera, abdominal viscera |
|
|
What is the origin of the posterior spinal arteries?
|
Branches of the vertebral column
|
|
|
What is the course of the posterior spinal arteries?
|
Anterior and posterior branches pass along the length of the spinal cord
|
|
|
What are the branches of the posterior spinal arteries?
|
N/A
|
|
|
What is the distribution of the posterior spinal arteries?
|
Spinal cord, meninges
|
|
|
What is the origin of the anterior spinal artery?
|
Continuation of the cranial part of the vertebral artery
|
|
|
What is the course of the anterior spinal artery?
|
Descends in the midline anterior to the spinal cord, spinal branches from the vertebral, ascending cervical, posterior intercostal and lumbar arteries reinforce it
|
|
|
What are the branches of the anterior spinal artery?
|
Branches at the medulla spinalis to be distributed to the cauda equina
|
|
|
What is the distribution of the anterior spinal artery?
|
Anterior median fissure
|
|
|
What is the origin of the anterior radicular arteries?
|
Arise from the bifurcation of the spinal arteries, which arise at differing vertebral levels, from the vertebral deep cervical, intercostal and lumbar arteries
|
|
|
What is the course of the anterior radicular arteries?
|
Enter the vertebral foramina and travel along the ventral nerve roots
|
|
|
What are the branches of the anterior radicular arteries?
|
Anastomose with the anterior spinal artery via ascending and descending branches in lumbar area
|
|
|
What is the distribution of the anterior radicular arteries?
|
Ventral nerve roots
|
|
|
What is the origin of the posterior intercostal arteries- dorsal branches?
|
Posterior intercostal artery
|
|
|
What is the course of the posterior intercostal arteries- dorsal branches?
|
Rises close to its origin and passes posteriorly between the necks of adjacent ribs, lateral to the vertebral body and medial to the superior costotransverse ligament. Each dorsal branch crosses the transverse processes with the dorsal rami of the thoracic spinal nerves.
|
|
|
What are the branches of the posterior intercostal arteries- dorsal branches?
|
Postvertebral muscles
|
|
|
What is the distribution of the posterior intercostal arteries- dorsal branches?
|
Extensor muscles and the elbow joint
|
|
|
What is the origin of the posterior intercostal arteries?
|
Branches of the descending thoracic aorta
|
|
|
What is the course of the posterior intercostal arteries?
|
Pass laterally in the costal grooves, deep to the internal intercostal muscles
|
|
|
What are the branches of the posterior intercostal arteries?
|
Dorsal, collateral, muscular and cutaneous branches and anastomose with the anterior intercostal arteries
|
|
|
What is the distribution of the posterior intercostal arteries?
|
Lower nine intercostal spaces
|
|
|
What is the origin of the descending thoracic aorta?
|
A continuation of the arch of the aorta at the level of the 2nd costal cartilage
|
|
|
What is the course of the descending thoracic aorta?
|
It descends at first to the left of the vertebral column but moves towards the mid-line to lie anterior to it. As it passes through the diaphragmatic aortic aperture
|
|
|
What are the branches of the descending thoracic aorta?
|
Bronchial artery, esophogeal artery, posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal artery
|
|
|
What is the distribution of the descending thoracic aorta?
|
Thorax, abdomen, and lower limbs
|
|
|
What are the tributaries of the basivertebral veins?
|
Large channels emerging from the
basivertebral (posterior) foramina of the vertebral bodies |
|
|
What is the course of the basivertebral veins?
|
Form two short trunks in the vertebral bodies
|
|
|
What regions are drained by the basivertebral veins?
|
Vertebral body
|
|
|
What does the basivertebral vein drain into?
|
Transverse branches, which connect the anterior internal vertebral venous plexuses
|
|
|
What are the tributaries of the internal vertebral venous plexus: anterior plexus?
|
Basivertebral veins
|
|
|
What is the course of the internal vertebral venous plexus: anterior plexus?
|
Lies within the vertebral canal, forms large plexiform veins on the posterior surface of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs, either side of the posterior longitudinal ligament and superficial to the dura mater
|
|
|
What regions are drained by the internal vertebral venous plexus: anterior plexus?
|
Provides venous drainage for the
individual vertebrae of the spinal column |
|
|
What does the internal vertebral venous plexus: anterior plexus drain into?
|
Vertebral (near the foramen
magnum), posterior intercostal, lumbar and lateral sacral veins |
|
|
What are the tributaries of the intervertebral vein?
|
Interior and posterior radicular veins
|
|
|
What is the course of the intervertebral vein?
|
Pass with the spinal nerves through the intervertebral foramina
|
|
|
What regions are drained by the intervertebral vein?
|
Spinal cord and internal and external vertebral venous plexuses
|
|
|
What does the intervertebral vein drain into?
|
Join the vertebral, posterior, intercostal, lumbar, and lateral sacral veins
|
|
|
What are the tributaries of the Internal vertebral venous plexus: posterior plexus
|
Internal aspect of the vertebrae
|
|
|
What is the course of the Internal vertebral venous plexus: posterior plexus
|
Lies within the vertebral canal, forms large plexiform veins anterior to the vertebral arches and ligamentum flava, superficial to the dura mater
|
|
|
What regions are drained by the Internal vertebral venous plexus: posterior plexus
|
Individual vertebrae of the spinal column
|
|
|
What does the Internal vertebral venous plexus: posterior plexus drain into?
|
Vertebral (near the foramen
magnum), posterior intercostal, lumbar and lateral sacral veins |
|
|
What are the tributaries of the External vertebral venous plexus: posterior plexus?
|
Internal aspect of the vertebrae
|
|
|
What is the course of the External vertebral venous plexus: posterior plexus?
|
Lies within the muscles lying posterior to the transverse processes, spinous processes, articular processes and the
laminae of the vertebrae |
|
|
What regions are drained by the External vertebral venous plexus: posterior plexus?
|
Individual vertebrae of the spinal column
|
|
|
What does the External vertebral venous plexus: posterior plexus drain into?
|
Vertebral veins, posterior intercostal veins, lumbar veins, sacral plexus
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What are the tributaries of the Anterior radicular veins?
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Ventral nerve roots and the pial
plexus of the spinal cord |
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What is the course of the Anterior radicular veins?
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Exit the vertebral canal with the
ventral nerve roots through the corresponding intervertebral foramen |
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What regions are drained by the Anterior radicular veins?
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Ventral nerve roots and the pial
plexus of the spinal cord |
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What does the Anterior radicular veins drain into?
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Radicular vein
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What are the tributaries of the Posterior spinal veins?
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Ventral nerve roots and the pial
plexus of the spinal cord |
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What is the course of the Posterior spinal veins?
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Five longitudinal vessels lie along the posterior aspect of the spinal cord, within the pia mater
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What regions are drained by the Posterior spinal veins?
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Spinal Cord
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What does the Posterior spinal vein drain into?
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Internal vertebral venous plexus
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What are the tributaries of the anterior spinal veins?
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Ventral nerve roots and the pial
plexus of the spinal cord |
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What is the course of the anterior spinal veins?
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Lie within the pia mater along the anterior median fissure of the spinal cord,they anastomose freely with the
posterior spinal veins of the spinal cord, and the cerebellar veins and cranial sinuses |
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What regions are drained by the anterior spinal veins?
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Spinal cord
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What does the anterior spinal vein drain into?
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Internal vertebral venous plexuses
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What is number 1?
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Superior Vena Cava
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What is number 2?
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Right Auricle
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What is number 3?
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Ascending Aorta
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What is number 4?
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Right Ventricle
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What is number 5?
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Right Atrium
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What is number 6?
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Chordae Tendinae
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What is number 7?
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Great Cardiac Vein
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What is number 8?
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Anterior papillary muscle of tricuspid valve
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What is number 9?
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Left Ventricle
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What is number 10?
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Inferior Vena Cava
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What is number 1?
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Anterior cusp of pulmonary valve
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What is number 3?
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Left cusp of pulmonary valve
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What is number 4?
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Aortic Valve
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What is number 5?
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Right Atrium
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What is number 6?
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Posterior leaflet of biscupid valve
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What is number 7?
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Superior vena cava
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What is number 8?
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Left atrium
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Which artery is this?
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Posterior Spinal
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Which artery is this?
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Anterior Spinal
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Which artery is this?
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Aterior Radicular
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Which artery is this?
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Posterior intercostal- dorsal branches
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Which artery is this?
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Posterior Intercostal
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Which artery is this?
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Descending Thoracic Aorta
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Which muscles is this?
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Semispinalis Cervicis
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Which muscles is this?
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Semispinalis Capitis
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Which muscles is this?
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Multifidus
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Which muscles is this?
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Rotatores Cervicis
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Which muscles is this?
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Rotatores Thoracis
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Which muscles is this?
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Interspinales
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Which muscles is this?
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Intertransversarii- posterior intertransverse muscles
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Which muscles is this?
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Intertransversarii- anterior intertransverse muscles
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Which muscles is this?
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Serratus Posterior Superior
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Which muscles is this?
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Serratus Posterior Inferior
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Which muscles is this?
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Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
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Which muscles is this?
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Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
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Which muscles is this?
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Olbique Capitis Superior
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Which muscles is this?
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Oblique Capitis Inferior
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Which muscles is this?
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Splenius Capitis
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Which muscles is this?
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Splenius Cervicis
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Which muscles is this?
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Rhomboid Major
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Which muscles is this?
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Rhomboid Minor
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Which muscles is this?
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Erector Spinae
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Which muscles is this?
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Levatores Costarum Brevis
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Which muscles is this?
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Levatores Costarum Longis
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Which vein is this?
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Basivertebral
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Which vein is this?
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Internal Vertebral Venous Plexus: Anterior Plexus
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Which vein is this?
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Intervertebral
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Which vein is this?
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Internal Vertebral Venous Plexus: Posterior Plexus
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Which vein is this?
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External Vertebral Venous Plexus: Posterior Plexus
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Which vein is this?
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Aterior Radicular
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Which vein is this?
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Posterior Spinal
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Which vein is this?
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Anterior Spinal
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Which artery is this?
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Subclavian
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Which artery is this?
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Left Pulmonary
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Which artery is this?
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Pulmonary
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Which artery is this?
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Common Carotid
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Which artery is this?
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Arch of Aorta
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Which artery is this?
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Brachiocephalic Trunk
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Which artery is this?
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Right Coronary
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Which artery is this?
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Left Coronary: Circumflex
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Which artery is this?
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Right Coronary: Posterior Interventricular
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Which artery is this?
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Left Coronary: Anterior Interventricular
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Which artery is this?
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Left Coronary
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Which vein is this?
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Basivertebral
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Which vein is this?
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Brachiocephalic
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Which vein is this?
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Subclavian
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Which vein is this?
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Superior Vena Cava
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Which vein is this?
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Small Cardiac
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Which vein is this?
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Coronary
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Which vein is this?
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Middle Cardiac (Posterior Interventricular)
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Which vein is this?
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Great Cardiac (Anterior Interventricular)
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What is this structure?
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Oropharynx
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What is this structure?
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Laryngopharynx
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What is this structure?
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Respiratory Mucosa
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What is this structure?
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Fibrous Membrane of Trachea
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What is this structure?
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Right and Left Principle Bronchus
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What is this structure?
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Secondary Bronchi
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What is this structure?
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Tertiary Bronchi and Branches
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What is this structure?
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Right Lung: Superior Lobe
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What is this structure?
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Right Lung: Middle Lobe
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What is this structure?
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Right Lung: Inferior Lobe
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What is this structure?
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Right Lung: Inferior Lobe
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What is this structure?
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Pleura
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Which muscle is this?
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External Intercostales
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Which muscle is this?
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Internal Intercostales
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Which muscle is this?
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Innermost Intercostales
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Which muscle is this?
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Transversus Thoracis
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Which muscle is this?
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Subcostales
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Which muscle is this?
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Subclavius
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What is the distribution of the sacral plexus nerves?
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Posterior thigh, most of the lower leg, the entire foot, and part of the pelvis
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The origin of the Brachial plexus Nerve:
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Ventral rami of the lower four cervical and first thoracic nerve roots
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Branches of the Cervical plexus Nerve are:
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Phrenic nerve, ansa cervicalis, greater auricular nerve, lesser occipital nerve, supraclaicular nerve, transverse cutaneous nerve
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The origin of the Lumbar plexus Nerve:
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The ventral branches of the 1st to 4th lumbar spinal nerves
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What nerve is this?
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Suboccipital
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What is the origin of the suboccipital nerve?
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C1
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What is the course of the suboccipital nerve?
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Appears superior to the posterior arch of the atlas (C1) and inferior to the vertebral artery, to enter the 'suboccipital triangle'
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What is the distribution of the suboccipital nerve?
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Supply the rectus capitis posterior major and rectus capitis posterior minor, obliquus capitis inferior and obliquus capitis superior and semispinalis capitis muscles.
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What are the branches of the suboccipital nerve?
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Each nerve has a number of occasional branches, one that accompanies the occipital artery, joining the greater and lesser occipital nerves; and a small branch from those supplying the obliquus capitis inferior muscles and joins the dorsal rami of C2.
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What nerve is this?
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Greater Occipital
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What is the origin of the greater occipital nerve?
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Emerge below the obliquus capitis inferior muscles
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What is the distribution of the greater occipital nerve?
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Supply semispinalis capitis and may supply the back of the auricle.
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The origin of the Great auricular Nerve:
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Ventral rami of C2 and C3
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What nerve is this?
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Greater Auricle
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What is the distribution of the greater auricular nerve?
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Provides sensory innervation for the skin over parotid gland and mastoid process, and both surfaces of the outer ear.
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What is the course of the greater auricular nerve?
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It arises from the second and third cervical nerves, winds around the posterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus, and, after perforating the deep fascia, ascends upon that muscle beneath the Platysma to the parotid gland, where it divides into an anterior and a posterior branch.
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What are the branches of the greater auricular nerve?
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Anterior and Posterior
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What nerve is this?
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Lesser Occipital
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What is the origin of the lesser occipital nerve?
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Ventral Ramus of C2
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What is the distribution of the lesser occipital nerve?
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Pierces the deep cervical fascia close to the back of the skull, behind the auricle to supply a strip of skin on the postero-lateral aspect of the skull and neck
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What are the branches of the lesser occipital nerve?
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Auricular
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What nerve is this?
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Third Occipital: Suboccipital Triange
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What is the course of the third occipital: suboccipital triangle nerve?
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Arises deep to the trapezius, which it then pierces to reach the skin of the lower occipital region, medial to the greater occipital nerve with which it is connected
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What is the origin of the third occipital: suboccipital triangle nerve?
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Posterior division of the third cervical nerve
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What is the distribution of the third occipital: suboccipital triangle nerve?
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The third cervical ventral spinal rami supply the longus capitis, longus colli, scalenus medius, levator scapulae and sensory innervation for the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. Superficial branches supply the skin of the head and neck via the greater auricular nerve, the transverse cutaneous nerve of the neck and the supraclavicular nerves.
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What are the branches of the third occipital: suboccipital triangle nerve?
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Ascending and Descending
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Internal thoracic (mammary) artery origin:
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A branch of the subclavian artery
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Internal thoracic (mammary) artery course:
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Descends vertically behind the clavicle and the cartilages of the upper six ribs, parallel to the lateral edge of the sternum
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Internal thoracic (mammary) artery branches:
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Pericardiacophrenic artery,anterior intercostal arteries
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Internal thoracic (mammary) artery distribution:
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Intercostal muscles 8 to 10, mediastinum
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Superior epigastric artery origin:
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Distal aspect of the internal thoracic arteries
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Superior epigastric artery course:
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Descend between the costal and xiphoid slips of the diaphragm before entering the rectus sheath
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Superior epigastric artery branches:
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N/A
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Superior epigastric artery distribution:
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Abdominal wall,diaphragm
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Anterior intercostal arteries origin:
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Intercostal arteries of spaces 1 to 6: internal thoracic artery,Intercostal arteries of spaces 7 to 10: musculophrenic artery
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Anterior intercostal arteries course:
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Each artery supplies two branches to each intercostal space, which pass laterally, deep to the internal intercostal muscles
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Anterior intercostal arteries branches:
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Anastomose with the posterior intercostal arteries
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Anterior intercostal arteries distribution:
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Contents of the intercostal spaces
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Thyrocervical trunk origin:
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A branch of the subclavian artery
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Thyrocervical trunk course:
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A short wide trunk close to the medial border of scalenus anterior; it ascends for 2 cm before branching into its terminal branches
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Thyrocervical trunk branches:
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Inferior thyroid artery,suprascapular artery
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Thyrocervical trunk distribution:
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Neck,thyroid gland,scapular region
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Bronchial arteries origin:
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Right: single vessel from the 3rd posterior intercostal artery,Left: paired vessels from thethoracic aorta
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Bronchial arteries course:
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Each passes through the hilum of the lung to follow the branches of the bronchial tree
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Bronchial arteries branches:
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N/A
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Bronchial arteries distribution:
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Right:right bronchus, lymph nodes, pulmonary areolar tissue, pericardium, and esophagus,Left: left bronchus
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Celiac trunk origin:
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Arises from the abdominal aorta just below the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm
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Celiac trunk course:
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Passes approximately 1 cm forwards above the pancreas and splenic vein where it divides into its terminal branches
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Celiac trunk branches:
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Left gastric artery,common hepatic artery,splenic arteries,superior mesenteric artery (occasionally), inferior phrenic arteries (occasionally)
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Celiac trunk distribution:
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Stomach,spleen,pancreas,superior part of the duodenum,gallbladder,liver
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Inferior phrenic artery origin:
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A branch of the abdominal aortaimmediately above the celiac trunk
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Inferior phrenic artery course:
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Passes behind the esophagus and through the esophageal opening of the diaphragm to branch over the undersurface of the diaphragm
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Inferior phrenic artery branches:
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Superior suprarenal arteries
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Inferior phrenic artery distribution:
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Diaphragm,suprarenal glands
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Thoracic ventral nerve root origin:
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Spinal cord: antero-lateral sulcus
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Thoracic ventral nerve root course:
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The thoracic ventral roots emerge as 6-8 rootlets,travel over the transverse processes of their corresponding vertebra to join with the thoracic dorsal roots to form the thoracic spinal nerves
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Thoracic ventral nerve root branches:
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Thoracic spinal nerves
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Thoracic ventral nerve root distribution:
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Skeletal muscle
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Thoracic dorsal nerve root origin:
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Spinal cord: postero-lateral sulcus
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Thoracic dorsal nerve root course:
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The thoracic ventral roots emerge as 6-8 rootlets,travel over the transverse processes of their corresponding vertebra to join with the thoracic dorsal roots to form the thoracic spinal nerves
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Thoracic dorsal nerve root branches:
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Thoracic spinal nerves
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Thoracic dorsal nerve root distribution:
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Skeletal muscle
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Thoracic ventral spinal ramus: anterior and lateral cutaneous branch origin:
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Ventral spinal ramus
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Thoracic ventral spinal ramus: anterior and lateral cutaneous branch origin:
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Lateralbranch -pierces the intercostal and abdominal muscles and superficial fascia obliquely, close to the midaxillary line; cutaneous branch is the terminal part of the collateral nerve
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Thoracic ventral spinal ramus: anterior and lateral cutaneous branch branches:
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Lateral branch-anterior and posterior branches
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Thoracic ventral spinal ramus: anterior and lateral cutaneous branch distribution:
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Skin around the thorax over the intercostal spaces, muscular slips of the external oblique muscle, rectus abdominis
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Thoracic dorsal spinal ramus origin:
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Thoracic spinal nerves
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Thoracic dorsal spinal ramus course:
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Leaves each of the twelve thoracic spinal nerves and passes posteriorly, around the articular processes of its corresponding vertebrae
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Thoracic dorsal spinal ramus branches:
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Medial and lateral branches
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Thoracic dorsal spinal ramus distribution:
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Sensory innervation-skin overlying the thoracic spinous processes;Motor innervation-semispinalis thoracis,multifidus,levatores costarum,longissimus thoracis,iliocostalis cervicis,interspinales
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Thoracic dorsal spinal ramus: lateral branch origin:
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Thoracic dorsal spinal ramus
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Thoracic dorsal spinal ramus: lateral branch course:
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Emerge between the superior costotransverse ligaments and the intertransversarii muscles and pass between the longissimus thoracis and iliocostalis cervicis muscles to reach the medial border of levatores costarum
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Thoracic dorsal spinal ramus: lateral branch branches:
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Cutaneous branches
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Thoracic dorsal spinal ramus: lateral branch distribution:
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Multifidus, longissimus thoracis, iliocostalis cervicis, levatores costarum and interspinales muscles
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Thoracic dorsal spinal ramus: medial branch origin:
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Thoracic dorsal spinal ramus
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Thoracic dorsal spinal ramus: medial branch course:
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Emerge between the joints and the medial edges of the superior costotransverse ligaments and the intertransversarii muscles, to pass between the semispinalis thoracis and multifidus muscles to reach the spinous processes
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Thoracic dorsal spinal ramus: medial branch branches:
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N/A
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Thoracic dorsal spinal ramus: medial branch distribution:
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Semispinalis thoracis and multifidus muscles and occasionally the skin overlying the thoracic spinous processes
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Azygos vein tributaries:
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Right ascending lumbar vein, right subcostal vein, right posterior intercostal veins 2 to 8,hemiazygos vein, accessory hemiazygos vein,esophageal veins,right bronchial vein
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Azygos vein course:
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Ascends in the abdomen anterior to the upper lumbar vertebrae and in the posterior mediastinum anterior to the bodies of T12 to T4
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Azygos vein drains into:
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Superior vena cava
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Azygos vein regions drained:
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Lateral and posterior walls of the trunk,esophagus,bronchial tree
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Inferior vena cava tributaries:
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right and left common iliac veins,lumbar veins,right testicular/ovarian vein,suprarenal veins,inferior phrenic veins,renal veins,hepatic veins
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Inferior vena cava course:
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Ascends to the right of the abdominal aorta, anterior to the lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae,passes in a deep groove on the posterior surface of the liver to pierce the tendinous part of the diaphragm at the level of T8
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Inferior vena cava drains into:
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Heart: right atrium
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Inferior vena cava regions drained:
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Body inferior to the diaphragm
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Accessory hemiazygos vein tributaries:
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Posterior intercostal veins 4 to 8,left bronchial veins
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Accessory hemiazygos vein course:
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Descends on the left of the vertebral column to the body of T7 where it units with the azygos vein
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Accessory hemiazygos vein drains into:
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Azygos vein
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Accessory hemiazygos vein regions drained:
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Left chest wall
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Hemiazygos vein tributaries:
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Left ascending lumbar vein, subcostal veins, left posterior intercostal veins 9 to 11
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Hemiazygos vein course:
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Ascends anterior to the bodies of T12 to T8 posterior to the aorta to pass behind the left crus of the diaphragm
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Hemiazygos vein drains into:
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Azygos vein
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Hemiazygos vein regions drained:
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Left chest wall
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