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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The world's most commonly used psychoactive compound is:
a. theobromine b. caffeine c. librium d. ethanol |
b. caffeine
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Which of the following drugs facilitate the action of GABA at its receptors ?
a. ethanol b. barbiturates c. benzodiazepines d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
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At the GABAa receptor level:
a. benzos can close the ion channel in the absence of GABA b. barbiturates can open the ion channel in the absence of GABA c. benzos can open the ion channel in the absence of GABA d. barbiturates can close the ion channel in the absence of GABA |
B. barbiturates can open the ion channel in the absence of GABA
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What plant was called the "holy healing herb" and grown in the Vatican Gardens
a. erethroxylan coca b. ergot c. cola acuminata d. nicotiana tobacum |
D. Nicotiana Tobacum
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Barbiturates
a. induce sleep b. reduce anxiety c. sedate d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
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All of the following are believed to be mechanisms of action of moderate doses of ethanol EXCEPT:
a. alterations of NMDA receptor activity b alterations of GABAb receptor activity C. alterations of GABAa receptor activity D. alterations of ACh receptor activity |
D. alterations of ACh receptor activity
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Cotinine is a major metabolite of:
a. nicotine b. cocaine c. amphetamine d. caffeine |
A. nicotine
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Micotinic and muscarinic receptors are two types of _______ receptors
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acetylcholine
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Caffeine exerts its CNS effects by:
a. antagonizing glycine receptors b. agonizing adenosine receptors c. agonising glycine receptors d. antagonizing adenosine receptors |
D. antagonizing adenosine receptors
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The world's most commonly used psychoactive compound is:
a. theobromine b. caffeine c. librium d. ethanol |
b. caffeine
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Which of the following drugs facilitate the action of GABA at its receptors ?
a. ethanol b. barbiturates c. benzodiazepines d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
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At the GABAa receptor level:
a. benzos can close the ion channel in the absence of GABA b. barbiturates can open the ion channel in the absence of GABA c. benzos can open the ion channel in the absence of GABA d. barbiturates can close the ion channel in the absence of GABA |
B. barbiturates can open the ion channel in the absence of GABA
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Compared to cocaine, cocaethylene has __________ euphoregenic properties.
A, similar b. lesser c. greater |
c. greater
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What plant was called the "holy healing herb" and grown in the Vatican Gardens
a. erethroxylan coca b. ergot c. cola acuminata d. nicotiana tobacum |
D. Nicotiana Tobacum
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Withdrawal symptoms can be observed even after a single high dose of alcohol (binge drinking) True or False
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True
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The elimination half-life of amphetamines can range from 7-30 hours, TRUE OR FALSE
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True
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The first step in alcohol metabolism is its conversion to:
a. formaldehyde b. aldehyde dehydrogenase c. acetaldehyde d. methanol |
C. acetaldehyde
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The antimigraine effect of caffeine appears to be due to:
a, increased cardiac contractility b. dilatation of cerebral arteries c. decreased blood flow to the brain d. increased cardiac output |
c. decreased blood flow to the brain
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which of the following is rate-limiting enzyme in alcohol metabolism?
a. alcohol dehydrogenase b. aldehyde dehydrogenase c. acetaldehyde d. acetic acid |
a. alcohol dehydrogenase
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The ultra-short acting baribiturates are ______; the longer-acting baribiturates are _______.
a. highly water oluble; highly lipid soluble b. highly lipid; highly lipid c. highly lipid; moderately lipid d. highly water; highly lipid e. highly water; moderately water |
c. highly lipid; moderately lipid
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During WWII, both the American and Japanese militaries gave which drug to their soldiers who had long duties?
a. cocaine b. nicotine c. amphetamine d. ephedrine |
c. amphetamine
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One reason amphetamine use became a problem in the streets of US and Japanese societies was :
a. soldiers were given the drug during the war. b. prisoners were given the drug as an 'interrogation aid" c. it was used as a medicine after the war d. none of the above |
a. soldiers were given the drug during the war
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The direct mechanism of action of nicotine is:
a, blockage of dopamine receptors b. blockade of acetylcholine receptors c. stimulation of dopamine receptors d. stimulation of acetylcholine receptors |
d. stimulation of scetylcholine receptors
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Evidence of tobacco use goes as far back as the early:
a. egyptian civilization b. aztec civilization c. mayan civilization d. persian civilization |
c. mayan
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Chronic amphetamine use results in:
a. a first decrease then increase in catecholamine synthesis b. increased synthesis of catecholamines c. decreased synthesis of catecholamines d. no change in catecholamine synthesis |
c. decreased synthesis of catecholamines
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85-90% of ethanol is metabolized in the:
a. stomach b. kidney c. small intestine d. liver |
d. liver
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Which of the following is Methylxanthine?
a. theobromine b. ethanol c. nembuthal d. limbrium |
A. theobromine
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"Vin Mariani" was a mixture of:
a. wine and cocaine b. wine and amphetamines c. wine and barbiturates d. wine and caffeine |
a. wine and cocaine
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Benzos facilitate the action of the neurotransmitter:
a. GABA b. NE c. 5-HT d. ACh |
A. GABA
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Chronic use of caffeine has been linked to which of the following health problems?
a. coronary heart disease b. low birth weight to pregnancy mothers who consume caffeine c. embolisms d. both A and B e. all of the above f. none of the above |
D. both A and B
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The serum half-life of caffeine is:
a. 6.5-7.5 hours b. 2.5-4.5 hours c. 4.5 - 6.5 hours 1.5 - 2.5 hours |
B. 2.5-4.5 hours
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After correcting for differences in body weight, men and women drinking the same amount of alcohol (ethanol):
a. have equal probability of having higher or lower blood ethanol levels b. have the same blood ethanol levels c. have different blood ethanol with men having higher than women d. have different blood ethanol levels, with women having higher |
D. women having higher level than men
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Arousal and vigilance observed after caffeine use may be due to:
a. increased activity of the dorsal raphe nucleus b. increased activity of the nucleus Basalis Meynert c. increased activity of the LC d. increased activity of the ventral tegmental area |
C. increased activity of the LC
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Continued exposure to amphetamines eventually result in:
a. catecholamine depletion b. enhancement of catecholamine reuptake c. increased monoamine oxidase activity d. all of the above |
D. all of the above
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Alcohol metabolism follows first order kinetics. true or false
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true
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Confessions of an Opium Eater was written by:
a. albert hoffman b. rodrigo de jerez c. Sigmund Freud d. Thomas DeQuincey |
D. thomas DeQuincey
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What percent of male siblings of male alcoholics become alcoholic?
a. 66% b. 46% c. 26% d. 6% |
b. 46%
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Ethanol:
a. is readily soluble in both fat and water b. is readily soluble in water, but not fat is readily soluble in fat, but not water d. is readily soluble in neither fat nor water. |
a. is readily soluble in both fat and water.
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Barbiturates depress the excitability of the neuron by:
a. increasing the influx of Cl- b. increasing the efflux of K+ c. both a and b d. neither a or b |
A. increasing the influx of Cl-
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When alcohol is consumed chronically it is likely that there will be a substantial degree of:
a. tolerance to its behavioral effects b. tolerance to its lethal effects c. cross-tolerance to other sedative-hypnotic drugs d. all of the above e. only a and c |
e. only A and C
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Amphetamines enter the neuronal terminal by:
a. active transport b. passive diffusion c. both A and B d. neither A nor B |
c. both A and B
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The effects of benzos include:
a. sedation b. anziolysis c. muscle relaxation d. all of the above |
D. all of the above
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Benzos have higher overdose toxicity than barbiturates. True or False.
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False
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What percent of the women of alcoholic parents become alcoholic?
a. 7- 20 % b. 5 -12 % c. 3 - 8 % d. 1 - 3 % |
c. 3-8%
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Secobarbital, pentobarbital, amobarbital, and phenobarbital are barbiturates of differing lipid solubility. Of the three, secobarbital is most lipid soluble followed by pento, followed by amo, followed by pheno. Which of these will have the most rapid onset of action?
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b. secobarbital
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Alcohol differs significantly from barbiturates in terms of:
a. the potential level of physical dependence b. the ability to depress CNS functions c. its sedative effects d. all of the above e. none of the above |
e. none of the above
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Caffeine stimulates the release of:
a. epinephrine b. acetylcholine c. GABA d. glycine |
A. epinephrine
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What percent of the sons of alcoholic parents become alcoholic?
a. 10 - 30 b. 20-50 c. 5-10 d. 30-60 |
B. 20-50
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The half life of caffeine ranges from;
a. 1.5- 2.5 hours b. 2.5-4.5 hours c.3.5-5.5 hours d. 4.5-6.5 hours |
b. 2.5-4.5
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Which of the following causes the headaches, high blood pressure and cellular damage from alcohol use?
a. aldehyde dehydrogenase b. alcohol dehydrogenase c.acetaldehyde d. acetic acid |
c. acetaldehyde
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The adenosine A! receptor is linked to a:
a. GABA receptor b. potassium channel c. chloride channel d. sodium channel |
B. potassium channel
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Widespread use of tobacco by the English came about through its glamorization by:
a. sir richard burton b. sir walter raleigh c. sir jean nicot d. sir francis drake |
b. sir walter raleigh
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Low, acute doses of alcohol can facilitate 5-HT3 receptor activity, True or False
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True
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The sedative hypnotic properties of sedatives most likely result from:
a. facilitation of glutamate-induced neurotransmission. b. facilitation of GABA-induced neurotransmission c. impairment of glutamate-induced neurotransmission d. impairment of GABA-induced neurotransmission |
B
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Cocaine use in pregnant women is associated with:
a.still births b. sids c. smaller heads d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
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Cocaine acts through all of the following neurotransmitters EXCEPT:
a. dopamine b. acetylcholine c. norepinephrine d. serotonin |
B. acetylcholine
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A major metabolite of cocaine metabolism is:
a. 1,7 dimethyluric acid b. 1-methyluric acid c. paraxanthine d. benzylecgonine |
d. benzylecgonine
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Psychostimulants generally would be expected to:
a. increase heart rate and blood pressure b. reuce sympathetic nervous system activity c. shift EEG frequencies to lower frequencies d. all of the above |
A. increase heart rate and blood pressure
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One of the earliest historical references of the use of coffee was found on an ancient Egyptian papyrus, True or False
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False
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One way that alcohol appears to act on the neuron is by:
a. exciting the presynaptic axon terminal b. preventing the re-uptake catecholamines c. alterine the fluidity of the membrane d. inhibiting monoamine oxidase activity |
c. alterine the fluidity of the membrane
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Tobacco came to the orient from Portugal, T or F
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True
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Withdrawal symptoms of amphetamines include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. increased sleep b. decreased energy c. increased appetite d. altered pain threshold |
d. altered pain threshold
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Most of the absorption of caffeine occurs in:
a. the stomach b. the small intestine c. the large intestine d. both B and C |
b. the small intestine
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Which model of lcoholism states that alcoholics have an endowed constitutional factor that is present prior to ever having taken a drink?
a. the behavioral model b. the moral model c. the psychiatric model d. the disease model |
d. the disease model
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Cocaine increases dopamine by:
a. blocking reuptake b. causing its release from the vesicles c. both A and B d. neither A nor B |
A. blocking reuptake
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Benzos can open GABAa channels in the absence of GABA. True or False
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False
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Cocaine works well as a local anesthetic because in high doses, it :
a. blocks voltage-gated K+ channels B. blocks voltage gated Na+ channels c. opens voltage-gated Na+ channels d. opens v-gated K+ channels |
B. blocks voltage gated Na+ channels
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The mechanism of action of Ritalin is most similar to that of:
a. caffeine b. nicotine c. cocaine d. amphetamines |
c. cocaine
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The delirium tremens (DTs) consist of the following symptoms:
a. hallucinations b. disorientation c. psychomotor agitation d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
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Cocaethyline _______ the plasma level of cocaine.
a. decreases b. has no effect on c. increases |
c. increases
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John is a heavy drinker. As a resul, he requires more anesthesia than a comparable man of his age and weight in order to be anesthetized. John is showing _____ to the anesthetics.
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cross tolerance
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Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of alcoholism?
a. antabuse b. naltrexone c. all d. none |
c. all
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Benzos alter conductance of the ____ ion.
a. Zn ++ b. Ca++ c. Cl- d. NA+ |
C. Cl-
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Of the following brain sites, the one most clearly identified with the reinforcing effects of drugs is:
a. the amygdala b. the insula c. the nucleus accumbens d. the preorbittal cortex |
c. the nucleus accumbens
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