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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Repression
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holding back of desires and thoughts.
to attack the boss never crosses the mind. |
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Reaction Formation
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Ego Defense by which one counters an unacceptable desire by taking on a lifestyle that directly opposes the unwanted impulse.
man has homosexual feelings so he hates homosexuals. |
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Projection
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own unwanted attributes are projected to others.
A man who has destructive desires acuses his boss to be hostile. |
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Rationalization
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unacceptable motives are followed up by a rational reason.
too much focusing on grades takes away from an overall education. |
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Displacement
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displace feelings from a dangerous object to a harmless one.
your boss is a bitch so you yell at the roommate. |
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sublimation
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person expresses sexual and agressiveness in acceptable manners to society.
athleats take sexual energy and devote it to the sport. |
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Regression
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person goes back to an earlier childhood state and starts acting like that
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intellectualization
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person shows overly logical response to an event.
being raped causes a girl to exhibit how others might feel. |
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Trephination
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making holes in skull to release deamons
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context
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systems, historical context and conditions
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Incidence
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# of new cases in a given time
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Prevalence
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# of overall cases
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Aretaeus
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continuum between normal and abnormal behavior
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Soranus
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advocates humane treatment of the mentally ill
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Galen
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Psychological basis of abnormal behavior;
hysteria not due to wandering womb |
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Lycanthropy
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changing into warewolf or other animal like characteristics.
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Yellow bile
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Mania, anxiety
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Black Bile
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Melancholia
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Blood
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changeable temperment
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Phlegm
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Listlessness
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Middle Ages caused reconsideration of
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lycanthropy, trantism, demenology
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John Weyer
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Founder of Psychopathology
1515-1588 |
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Transference
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React to Therapist as they do to important family members
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counter-transference
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When a therapists experiences shape how they view the patient.
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resistance
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unconciouss refusal to participate fully in therapy
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Somatogenic perspective
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abnormal psychological
functioning has physical causes |
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Kraepelin
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first modern system of classifying
abnormal behavior |
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Krafft-Ebing
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syphilis and general paresis
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Psychogenic perspective-
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chief causes of abnormal
functioning are psychological |
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Jean Charcot
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hysterical disorders the
result of degeneration of portions of the brain |
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Josef Breuer
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hypnotism for hysteria
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Sigmund Freud
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unconscious processes
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Biological model
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Brain and Abnormal Behavior
Behavioral Genetics physical abnormalities (e.g., atrophied portions of brain or loss of cells). |
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Diathesis-Stress model
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individuals inherit, from multiple genes, tendencies to express certain traits or behaviors, which may then be activated under conditions of stress.
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Diathesis-
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condition that makes one susceptible to developing a disorder.
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stress
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environmental influence
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ID
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impulses according to pleasure principle
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SUPEREGO
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upholds values adopted from our parents
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EGO
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gratification according to reality principle
(unacceptable to express id outright) |
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Undoing
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person tries to make up for unacceptable desires or acts, frequently through ritualistic behavior.
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Overcompensation
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try to cover personal weakness by focusing on another, more desirable trait.
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Sublimation
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expressing sexual and aggressive energy in ways that are acceptable to society.
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Oral
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first 2 years.
orally fixated |
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Anal
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2-3 anally fixated
pleasure/frustration in clean,obstinate,orderly OR retention/expulsion of feces |
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Phallic
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3-5 castration anxiety, penis envy
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Latency
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(6-puberty) sublimation of urges
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Genital
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(puberty) re-awakening of sexual urges
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Psychoanalytic therapy
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Analytic techniques designed to reveal the nature of unconscious mental processes and conflicts through catharsis and insight.
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Behavioral model
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Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning Social Learning Prepared Learning |
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Thorndike’s Law of Effect
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If a response is followed by a positive consequence, it will be repeated.
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Reinforcer
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anything that increases the likelihood of a behavior
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Punishment
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something that decreases the likelihood of a behavior.
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Bandura’s Experiment
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bobo doll. social learning.
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Prepared learning-
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We learn to fear some objects far more easily than others because we are hard-wired to do so.
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Cognitive model
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Negative, inaccurate thoughts lead to abnormal behavior.
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Humanistic/Existential model
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Characterized by focus on the broader dimensions of human existence.
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Humanists
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people are driven to self-actualize, or fulfill their potential for goodness and growth.
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Existentialists
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human beings must have an accurate awareness of themselves and live “authentic” lives.
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Sociocultural model
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Abnormal behavior is best understood in the context of the broad forces (systems) that influence a person.
Includes family-social and multicultural perspectives. |
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Three Sociocultural influences on abnormal AND normal behavior:
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1. Social labels and roles
2. Social networks 3. Family structure and communication |
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1.Biopsychosocial approach
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ALL biological, psychological, and social influences contribute to abnormal behavior.
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2.Reciprocal Effects approach
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some key factors produce abnormal behavior by influencing other key factors.
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Clinical Assessment
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systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social factors in a person presenting with a possible psychological disorder.
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Standardization
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process by which a certain set of norms is determined in order to make it consistent across measurements.
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Projective tests
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Rorschach Inkblot Test
Thematic Apperception Test |
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Personality tests
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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
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Axis I
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Major diagnostic categories
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Axis II
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Personality disorders
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Axis III
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General medical conditions
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Axis IV
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Psychosocial and environmental problems
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Axis V
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Level of functioning (GAF)
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Free association
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saying whatever comes to mind without censoring content or form.
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Dream analysis
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content of dreams symbolically related to symbolic aspects of unconscious conflicts.
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Catharsis
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reliving of past repressed feelings in order to settle internal conflicts and overcome problems
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Working through
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examining the same issues repeatedly over the course of many sessions.
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Therapist directives:
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Unconditional positive regard
Accurate empathy genuineness |
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Systematic desensitization
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successive conditioning of relaxation response to feared object or situation.
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Exposure therapy
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habituation of response in absence of fear.
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Parent Management Training
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teaches parents to handle children with conduct disorder using effusive praise and similar rewards for appropriate behavior.
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Single-case experimental design
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a single participant is observed before and after the independent variable is manipulated.
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