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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Personality |
The unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel, and behave. |
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Personality Trait |
A consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling, or behaving. |
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Unconscious Mind |
Level of the mind in which thoughts, feelings, memories, and other information are kept that are not easily or voluntarily brought into consciousness. |
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Id |
Personality driven by biological needs |
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Ego |
Personality driven by reality |
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Superego |
Personality driven by morality |
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Psychological Defense Mechanisms |
Unconscious distortions of a person's perception of reality that reduces stress and anxiety. |
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Repression |
Pushing distressing or conflicting events out of conscious memory. |
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Rationalization |
Making up acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior. |
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Projection |
Placing one's own unacceptable thoughts onto others, as if the thoughts belonged to them and not to oneself. |
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Reaction Formation |
Behaving in a opposite way of how one actually feels. |
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Displacement |
Taking out expressions unfairly onto someone else who is a substitute target. |
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Regression |
Falling back on childlike patterns as a way of coping with stressful situations. |
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Identification |
Trying to become like someone else to deal with one's own anxiety (solo or group) |
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Sublimation |
Turning socially unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behavior. |
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Psychosexual Stages |
Five stages of personality development proposed by Freud and tied to the sexual development of a child. |
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Fixation |
Disorder in which something becomes an unresolved unconscious conflict from childhood. |
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Oedipus Complex/Electra Complex |
Child develops an unconscious sexual attraction for the opposite gender parent and hostility towards the same gender parent. (Vice Versa) |
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Oral Stage |
First stage occurring in the first year of life in which the mouth is the erogenous zone and weaning is the primary conflict. |
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Anal Stage |
Second stage occurring from about 1 to 3 years of age, in which the anus is the erogenous zone and toilet training is a source of conflict. |
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Phallic Stage |
Third stage occurring from 3-6 years of age, in which the child discovers sexual feelings. |
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Latency Stage |
Fourth stage occurring during the school years, in which the sexual feelings of the child are repressed while the child develops in other ways. |
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Genital Stage |
Fifth stage occurring from puberty to death in which sexual behavior can no longer be ignored. |
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Collective Unconscious |
Second layer of the unconscious, inherited by ancestry (Carl Jung) |
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Personal Unconscious |
Jung's name for the unconscious mind described by Sigmund Freud. |
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Archetypes |
Emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning. (Jung) |
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Striving For Superiority |
A universal drive to adapt, improve oneself, and master life's challenges. (Alfred Adler) |
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Compensation |
Involves efforts to overcome imagined or real inferiorities by developing one's abilities. (Adler) |
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Self-Efficacy |
An individual's perception of how well he/she can perform a specific task. (Adler) |
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Humanism |
A theoretical perspective that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth. |
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Self-Concept |
The image of one's self that develops from interactions with important and significant people in one's life. (Carl Rogers) |
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Incongruence |
The degree of difference between one's self-concept and one's actual experience. (Rogers) |
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Unconditional Positive Regard |
Positive love that is given without conditions or strings attached. (perception of love) (Rogers) |
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Conditional Positive Regard |
Positive love that is given only when the person is doing what the provider's of positive regard wish. (Rogers) |
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs |
Abraham Maslow's theory that is a systematic arrangements of needs, according to priority, in which basic needs must be met before less basic needs are aroused |
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Self-Actualization |
The need to fulfill one's potential (Maslow) |
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Self-Report Inventories |
Personality tests that ask individuals to answer a series of questions about their characteristic behavior |
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The MMPI-2 |
A specific self-report inventory that assesses psychological disorders |
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Projective Tests |
Personality assessments that present ambiguous visual stimuli to the client and ask them to respond with whatever comes to mind |
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DSM-5 |
The reference guide used by clinicians to classify psychological disorders |
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Social Deviance |
Does society consider this behavior to be socially unacceptable? |
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Maladaptive Behavior |
Is anybody harmed from this behavior? |
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Personal Distress |
Is that individual comfortable with their behavior |
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Statistical Deviance |
Compares the individual behavioral frequency to the average |
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Anxiety Disorders |
Disorders in which the main symptom is excessive anxiety and fearfulness
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Phobia |
An irrational, persistent fear of an object, situation, or social activity |
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Panic Disorder |
Disorder in which panic attacks occur more than once and cause ongoing worry |
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
Disorder in which a person has impending doom along with physical symptoms of stress in general |
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder |
Disorder in which intruding, reoccurring thoughts or obsessions create anxiety that is relieved by performing a repetitive, ritualistic behavior or mental act |
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder |
Disorder resulting from expire to a major stresser |
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Etiology |
Identification of all the factors that possibly contribute to an illness (Bio,Genetics,Cognitive,Stress) |
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Mood Disorders |
Disorder in which mode is severely disturbed |
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Major Depressive Disorder |
Severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external cause or is too severe for current circumstances |
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Bipolar Disorder |
Shifts in mood that may range from normal to manic with or without periods of depression |
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Manic |
Having the quality of excessive excitement, energy, and irritability |
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Schizophrenia |
Severe disorder in which the person suffers from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, hallucinations, and inability to distinguish fantasy and reality |
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Delusions |
False beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness |
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Hallucinations |
False sensory perceptions, such as hearing or seeing things |
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Positive Symptoms |
Symptoms of schizophrenia that are excesses of behavior or occur in addition to normal behavior (Too much) |
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Negative Symptoms |
Symptoms of schizophrenia that are less than normal behavior or an absence of normal behavior (Socially low) |
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Attributional Style Theory |
An attempt to answer why people develop major depression and why people do not. (External/Internal) (Stable/Unstable) (Global/Specific) |