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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dominating Predisposition- Pivot point in life. Notorious People
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Cardinal Traits
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Major Charactristics of who you are
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central traits
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Traits in a specific circumstances
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Secondary traits
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Responsible for Trait Theories
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Gordon Allport
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Who is responsible for Psychodynamic theory of Personality?
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Sigmund Freud
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Divisions of the Mind
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ID
Ego Superego |
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Immediate gratification of all instinctive drives regardless of reason, logic, or the possible impact of behaviors
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Pleasure Principle
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Freud's Greatest Contribution
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"Defense Mechanisms"
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Rationalization
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where an individual substitudes self-justifying excuses or reasons for behavior
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Denial
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defense mechanism that denies painful thoughts
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Repression
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protects you from impulses or ideas that would cause anxiety by preventing them from becoming conscious
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Reaction Formation
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take unacceptable drive and do the exact opposite
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Displacement
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displacing your anger on someone less threatening
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ID
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Sex, aggression, Self gratification
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Ego
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the conscious mind
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Superego
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Morality, Concscience
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Stage between 12 to 18 months where the lips and mouth are the primary erogenous zone
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Oral Stage
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Stage between 12 months and 3 years where the erogenous zone shifts from the mouth to the anal area
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Anal Stage
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Stage between 3 to 5 or 6 where the focus of sexual gratification is genital stimulation
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Phallic
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The attraction a male child feels for his mother and jealousy for his father. During the phallic stage
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Oedipus Complex
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The attraction a female child feels for her father and jealousy for her mother. During the phallic stage
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Electra complex
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Extending for about age five to puberty, where sexual drives remain unexpressed or latent
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Latency Period
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Fifth and final stage, starts at puberty, where dormant sexual feelings that were dorment in the latency stage reemerge
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Genital Stage
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Arrested development that results from exposure to either too little or too much gratification
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Fixation
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People who want control over their lives
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Anal Expulsive
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Poeple who want control
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Anal Retentive
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Oediepus complex
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Boy wants mom, represses the memory, hangs out with dad, learns male gender role
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People's personality/behavior is impacted by enviroment and mental processes
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Reciprocal determinism
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Individuals belief that he/she can perform adequately and deal effectively with a particular situation
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Self-efficacy
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Objective Test *Research supports validity and reliability
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Question and answer type surveys
beliefs, attitudes, behaviors, like/dislikes (characteristics) |
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Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory MMPI
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survey 500+ questions
Info on possible disorders |
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Projective Tests
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1. Ambiguous stimulus
2.Expect a person to "project" their personality onto ambiguous stimulus |
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Rorschach Inkblot test
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subject is asked to examin inkblots and say what they look like or bring to mind
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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
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Not valid
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tendency for an individual to feel a diminished sense of responsibility to assist
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Diffusion of Responsibility
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way in which we perceive, evaluate, categorize, and form judgments about the qualities of other people
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Social Peception
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Attribution Theory
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1. make sense of behavior
2. internal causes 3. external causes |
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Interpret people's behavior based upon certain "conditions"
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Correspondent Inference Theory
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Social Desirability
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when people do things that are seen as good
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Social Undesirability
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when people do things that are not seen as good
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Free Choice
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if you know that freely chose to behave in a particular manner, we probably assume that these actions reflect underlying dispositions
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Fundamental Attribution Error
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Overestimate dispositional causes (they're a jerk) and underestimate situational causes (they're under a lot of stress
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False consensus
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Assumption that most people share our own attitudes and behaviors
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Illusion of Control
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Belief that we control events in our own lives that are really beyond our control
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Conformity
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tendency to change or modify behavior so that they are consistent with those of other people
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Informational Social Influence
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Basis of conformity, in which we accept a group's beliefs or behaviors as providing accurate information about reality
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Normative Social Influence
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Changing to gain some benefit, not because "you" or our opinion has actually changed
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The Diagnostic & Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM)
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1. Criteria for diagnosis
2. Categories: Types, Subtypes |
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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chronic worry about everything
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Panic disorder
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Constant worry over when their next panic attack will occur
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Phobias
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irrational, exaggerated fears of a specific situation or object
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Agoraphobia "fear of the Market Place"
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Stay in the security of their home because anxiety is to great to leave
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Social Phobia
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Irrational fear of being negatively evaluated
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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1.Obsessions- persistent, unwanted thoughts (irrational) INTRUSIVE (causing anxiety)
2.Compulsions- Are behaviors (sometimes repetitive) that are done specifically to get rid of the anxiety caused bye the obsessions |
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Somotoform Disorders
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"Real" physical symptoms but without organic or medical causes (caused by psychological issues
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Hypochondriasis
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over concern that they will get or have a serious medical illness
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Conversion Disorder
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Sensory or motor system disorder
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Dissociative Disorders
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disorders involving disruption in memory, identity and/or consciousness
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Dissociative Amnesia
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loss of memory without an organic or biological cause.
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Dissociative Fugue
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1. loss of memory and identity
2. Relocation in extreme Cases |
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
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1.Once called Multiple personality disorder
2.Extrememly RARE 3.Loss of identity, memory, and consciousness 4.Linked to history of extreme physical and sexual abuse |
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Major Depressive Disorder "clinical depression"
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1. Symptoms 2 weeks or more
2. deep and persistent depression |
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Bipolar Disorder
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Manic Episodes, Have depression, Manic/Mania (elevated mood or euphoria)
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Seasonal Affective Disorder
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Depression that occurs during times that there is less sunlight, treated with Phototherapy
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Schizophrenia
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distortions in perception, thoughts, emotions, behaviors
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Schizophrenia syptoms
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1.Delusions- irrational thoughts, emotions, and behaviors
2.Hallucinations- perceptions without sensation |
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Schizophrenia causes
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1.Dopamine Hypothesis- Neurotransmitter that is over utilized in brain
2.Brain Abnormalities- Ventricles- gluid filled spaces or gaps in the brain, enlarged |
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Personality Disorder
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1. Inflexible and rigid traits
2. Blame everything but themselves 3. Rarely seek help 4. Treatment rarely successful 5. Start as early as adolescence |
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Classical conditioning technique that pairs the slow, systematic exposure to anxiety, inducing situations with relaxation training. Used on phobias
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Systmatic Desensitization
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Aversive conditioning
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pair an aversive stimulus (pain or illness) with the unwanted behavior
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Token Economics
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1.Given tokens for good behavior (reinforcement)
2.Save and trade in tokens for a bigger reward |
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Psychosurgery
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Lobotomy- drill hole into brain, stop/control aggressive behavior
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Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
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shock therapy, used as last resort for depression/bipolar, side effect is memory loss
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Psychoactive Drugs
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refers to medications that are used to treat psychological disorders
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