Psychology Test 1

Front 1

What clinical psychologists do

Back 1

specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and behavioral disorders, such as
anxiety, phobias, and schizophrenia.

Front 2

Gestalt Psychology
The word "Gestalt" means "whole, form, or pattern".

Back 2

emphasizing that individuals perceive objects and patterns as whole units and that the
perceived whole is more than the sum of its parts.

Front 3

The 4 goals of psychology

Back 3

the Description, Explanation, Prediction, and Control of behavior and Mental Processes.

Front 4

Double blind technique/study

Back 4

a procedure in which neither the participants nor the experimenter knows who is in the
experimental and control groups until after the data have been gathered; a control for experimenter bias.

Front 5

Disadvantages of Survey Research

Back 5

-Costly
-Time consuming
-Respondents may provide inaccurate information

Front 6

Experimental Method

Back 6

the only research method that can be used to identify cause-effect relationships between two or more
conditions or variables.

Front 7

Humanistic Psychologists

Back 7

-Abraham Maslow
-Rollo May
-Carl Rogers

Front 8

Behaviorism psychologists

Back 8

...are interested in the adaptive significance of behavior.

Front 9

Social psychologists interests

Back 9

Their approach to the field focuses on the individual, and attempts to explain how the
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by other people.

Front 10

Basic Research

Back 10

research conducted to seek new knowledge and to explore and advance general scientific understanding.

Front 11

Applied Research

Back 11

research conducted specifically to solve practical problems and imrpove the quality of life.

Front 12

Naturalistic observation

Back 12

a descriptive research method in which researchers observe and record behavior in its natural
setting, without attempting to influence or control it.

Front 13

John B. Watson

Back 13

Who developed Behaviorism?

Front 14

William James

Back 14

who developed Functionalism

Front 15

Experimental group

Back 15

a group of participants who are exposed to the independent variable, or the treatment.

Front 16

Control group

Back 16

A group that is similar to the experimental group and is also measured on the dependent variable at the
end of the experiment, for purposes of comparison. The control group is exposed to the same experimental environment
as the experimental group but is not given the treatment.

Front 17

Structualism

Back 17

Which Psyc model used Introspection?

Front 18

Jorge Sanchez

Back 18

conducted studies on bias in intelligence testing during the 1930's. He pointed out that both cultural
differences and language differences work agains Hispanic students when they take IQ tests.

Front 19

Useful theories

Back 19

generate (create) testable hypotheses and practical solutions to problems.

Front 20

Evolutionary psychology

Back 20

the school of psychology that studies how humans have adapted the behaviors required for
survival in the face of environmental pressures over the long course of evolution. eg why most men prefer mates who
are younger then they are.

Front 21

Sociocultural approaches

Back 21

focus on how social and cultural factors such as socioeconomic class, educational levels,
ethnicity, race, religion, and occupation affect people’s behavior.

Front 22

Disadvantages of the Case Study method

Back 22

-researchers cannot establish the cause of behavior observerd in a ____________, and observer bias is a potential problem.
-because so few individuals are studied, researchers do not know how applicable, or generalizable, their findins may be
to larger groups or to different cultures.

Front 23

The hypothalamus

Back 23

regulates hunger, thirst, sexual behavior, and a wide variety of emotional behaviors. It also regulates
internal body temperature and houses the biological clock.

Front 24

blank 1 and 2: left and right handedness
blank 3: left handedness
blank 4: left handed
blank 5: right handed

Back 24

A majority of both ______ and ______ people are left-brain dominant, that is, language
functions are largely assigned to the left cerebral hemisphere. However, right-brain and mixed-hemisphere dominance occur
more frequently among _______. This difference may explain why learning disabilities are more common among
_________ individuals than those who are __________.

Front 25

Neurons

Back 25

the specialized cells that conduct impulses through the nervous system.

Front 26

Dendrites

Back 26

In a neuron, the branchlike extensions of the cell body that receive signals from other neurons.

Front 27

Serotonin

Back 27

A neurotransmitter that plays an important role in regulating mood, sleep, impulsivity, aggression, and
appetite.

Front 28

Reflexes

Back 28

an involuntary responce to a stimulus. They start in the brainstem in the medulla.

Front 29

Severe injury to the medulla

Back 29

could cause serious damage to a person or even death.

Front 30

Occipital lobes

Back 30

the lobes that are involved in the reception and interpretation of visual information; they contain
the primary visual cortex.

Front 31

Beta waves

Back 31

produced by mental or physical activity.

Front 32

sympathetic nervous system

Back 32

Any time you are under stress or faced with an emergency, the _______________ automatically mobilizes the
body's resources, preparing you for action.

Front 33

The pancreas gland

Back 33

the endocrine gland responsible for regulating the amount of sugar in the bloodstream.

Front 34

Hormones

Back 34

______ are messengers

Front 35

the frontal lobes

Back 35

Where in the brain was Phineas Gage injured?

Front 36

the endocrine system

Back 36

What body system contains the Pituitary gland?

Front 37

location of the frontal lobe

Back 37

begins at the front of the brain and extend to the top center of the skull.

Front 38

Broca's aphasia may result; not able to understand language.

Back 38

Result of damage to Brocas’ area?

Front 39

Function of fMRI

Back 39

-provides images of both brain structure and brain activity
-requires no injections
-can identify locations of activity more precisely than PET can.
-can detect changes that take place in less than a second.

Front 40

The cerebellum

Back 40

What part of brain is tested in simple Sobriety tests?

Front 41

makes up the Limbic System

Back 41

amygdala and the hippocampus

Front 42

corpus callosum

Back 42

The ___________ is the thick band of nerve fibers that connects the two cerbral hemispheres and makes possible the
transfer of information and synchronization of acttivity between the hemispheres.

Front 43

Fraternal Twins

Back 43

In the case of ____________, two seperate sperm cells fertilize two separate eggs that happen to be released at the same time during ovulation.

Front 44

Sensation

Back 44

the process through which the senses pick up visual, auditory, and other sensory stimuli and transmit them to the brain.

Front 45

Perception

Back 45

the process by which the brain actively organizes and interprets sensory information.

Front 46

sensory adaptation

Back 46

the process in which sensory receptors grow accustomed to constant, unchanging levels of stimuli over time.

Front 47

iris

Back 47

the ________ is the colored part of the eye that adjusts to maintain a constant amount of light entering the eye through the pupil.

Front 48

100,000 Hz

Back 48

dolphins can respond to frequencies up to __________ hz.

Front 49

first blank: umami

second blank: glutamate

Back 49

the fifth taste sensation _________, is triggered by the substance __________. this substance is widely used as a flavoring in asian foods, protein rich foods, such as meat, milk, aged cheese, and seafood.

Front 50

endorphins

Back 50

the body's own natural painkillers, which block pain and produce a feeling of well-being.

Front 51

figure ground illusions

Back 51

as we view the world, some objects often seems to stand out from the background.

Front 52

monocular depth cues

Back 52

depth cues that can be perceived by one eye alone

Front 53

autokinetic illusion

Back 53

a phenomenon of human visual perception in which a stationary, small point of light in an otherwise dark or featureless environment appears to move.

Front 54

gestalt principle of closure

Back 54

we perceive figures with gaps in them to be complete

Front 55

gestalt principle of proximity

Back 55

objects that are close together in space or time are usually perceived as belonging together.

Front 56

cross modal perception

Back 56

a process whereby the brain integrates information from more then one sense.

Front 57

kinesthetic sense

Back 57

the sense providing information about the posistion of body parts in relation to each other and the movement of the entire body or its parts.

Front 58

vestibular sense

Back 58

the sense that detects movement and provides information about the body's orientation in space.

Front 59

size constancy

Back 59

as objects or people move farther away, you continue to perceive them as being about the same size.

Front 60

gate control theory

Back 60

scientists are not certain how pain works, but one major theory that attempts to answer this question is the __________.

Front 61

absolute threshold of sensation

Back 61

The _____________ is the minimum amount of stimulation of ANY sense organ that can be detected 50% of the time.

Front 62

sensory adaptation

Back 62

the process in which sensory receptors grow accustomed to constant, unchanging levels of stimuli over time.

Front 63

first blank: rods

second blank: cones

Back 63

there are about 120 million ________ and 6 million _________ in each retina.

Front 64

the ossicles

Back 64

the three smallest bones in the human body

Hint 64

located in the ear

Front 65

C

Back 65

the ossicles are connected in which order?
a.)the anvil, the hammer, and the stirrup
b.)the stirrup, the anvil, and the hammer
c.)the hammer, the anvil, and the stirrup

Front 66

synesthesia

Back 66

the capacity for responding to stimuli with both unusual perceptions and typical ones.

Front 67

altered state of consciousness

Back 67

changes in awareness produced by sleep, meditation, hypnosis, and drugs

Front 68

melatonin

Back 68

the hormone _______ induces sleep.

Front 69

circadian rhythms

Back 69

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is the body’s biological clock, which regulates ____________.

Front 70

Circadian rhythms

Back 70

____________ regulate all vital life functions (like heart rate, blood pressure) as well as learning efficiency and moods.

Front 71

D

Back 71

How many states or stages are in NREM sleep?
a.)3, 1 being the lightest and 3 being the deepest sleep
b.)4, 1 being the deepest sleep and 4 being the lightest sleep
c.)6, 1 being the deepest sleep and 6 being the lightest sleep
d.)4, 1 being the lightest sleep and 4 being the deepest sleep

Front 72

restorative theory of sleep

Back 72

the best theory for explaining why sleep is important to us is the ___________, which states that the function of sleep is to restore the body and the mind.

Front 73

manifest content

Back 73

Freud's term for the content of a dream as recalled by the dreamer.

Front 74

latent content

Back 74

Freud's term for the underlying meaning of a dream.

Front 75

activation synthesis hypothesis of dreaming

Back 75

the hypothesis that dreams are the brain's attempt to make sense of the random firing of brain cells during REM sleep.

Front 76

false

they cant be treated by surgery

Back 76

True or False

sleeping disorders can be treated by surgery.

Front 77

sociocognitive theory

Back 77

In _____________ theory hypnosis is believed to be the result of his/her expectations about how a hypnotized person is supposed to behave from watching a person being hypnotized or in movies where hypnosis takes place.

Front 78

neodissociation

Back 78

In _____________ theory, the hypnotized person experiences a split between mind and body.

Front 79

dissociated control

Back 79

According to the theory of _______________, hypnosis weakens the individual’s ability to control their cognitive and emotional subsystems, allowing the hypnotist to gain influence over them.

Front 80

scoiocognive theory
neodissociation theory
dissociated control

Back 80

The 3 main theories proposed to explain hypnosis are the________________ , the ________________ and the theory of _______________.

Front 81

drug tolerance

Back 81

a condition in which the user becomes progressiveley less affected by the drug and must take increasingly larger doses to maintain the same effect or high.

Front 82

Narcotics

Back 82

a class of depressant drugs derived from the opium poppy that produce both pain relieving and calming effects.

Front 83

Lucid dreams

Back 83

a dream that an individual is aware of dreaming and whose content the individual is often able to influence while the dream is in progress.

Front 84

Stage 4 sleep

Back 84

the deepest stage of NREM sleep, characterized by an EEG pattern of more than 50% delta waves.

Front 85

Sleep terrors

Back 85

________________ occur when a sleeper awakens in a panic state with their heart pounding or racing. They are rarely remembered, but often involve a single, frightening image.

Front 86

nightmares

Back 86

Ordinary ____________ are scary dreams that occur during REM sleep like most other dreams, and are often remembered in vivid detail, unlike sleep terrors which take place in Stage 4 NREM.

Front 87

Myths about hypnotized persons

Back 87

-hypnotized people are under the complete control of the hypnotist and will violate their moral values if told to do so.
-people can demonstrate superhuman strength and perform amazing feats under hypnosis.
-memory is more accurate under hypnosis.
-people under hypnosis will reveal embarrassing secrets.
-people under hypnosis can relive an event that occured when they were children and can function mentally as if they were that age.

Front 88

What alcohol does to male sexual functioning

Back 88

Men tend to become more aggressive and more sexually aroused but less able to perform sexually.

Front 89

marijuana

Back 89

an Hallucinogen

Front 90

true

Back 90

True or False

not getting enough sleep effects your ability to learn

Front 91

Choice of drugs by addicted animals?

Back 91

amphetamines

Front 92

suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN)

Back 92

a pair of tiny structures in the brain's hypothalamus that control the timing of circadian rhythms; the biological clock

Front 93

Result of spending too much time in NREM sleep?

Back 93

harder to wake up, when wokenup you are confused, not knowing whether it is morning or night, a weekday or a weekend.