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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A01- Rewards/ need satisfaction theory |
-Byrne and clore 1970 -Attracted to people we find satisfying -motivated to seek rewarding stimuli -what we find rewarding reflect unmet needs (financial security..)
-Rewarding stimuli produce + feelings in us whereas punishing produce - feelings. -some people make us happy and some dont -operant conditioning- likely to repeat behaviour that leads to + outcome -B&C therfore suggest that we enter relationships because they are assiosiated with reinforcent (create + feelings in us)
-We also like people who are assosiated with +events. - if meet when in happy mood, more likely to like them. - in this way we like people through classical conditioning. - balance of + and - feelings were crucial in relationship formation ---- those relationships where + feelings outweigh - were more likely to develop and succeed. |
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A02 - Support for the R/N satisfaction Theory |
- Griffith and Guay importance of reward. Pts evaluated on creative task and had to rate experimenter on how much they liked him/her - those who had been + evaluated gave higher ratings. - Griffith and Guay bystander- support of cceven when there was a bystander- those who witnessed the pt being +evaluated also gave higher ratings because they assosiate ositive feelings with the exper. - Cate et al (real life) - 337 individuals asked to assess current relationshop in terms of reward level & satisfaction. Reward level superiour to all other factors in determining satisfaction.- rewareds do create +feelings in usand makes them more attractive. -May and Hamillton- cc Female pts evaluated photos of men while listening either to rock music stimulating + mood, to modern music stimulating a - mood, or to no music at all. - pts gave more +evaluations in the rock music condition than other conditions. - assosiating someone with good feelings (rock) can make you more likely to be attracted to them. |
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A02-opposing the R/N satisfaction |
- Most studies carried out about this are lab studies and so don't show the principles of need satisfaction and similarity apply to real life (they lack mundane realism) -One form of reward is argued by evolutionary psychologists to be sexual access. If good feelings are assosiated with relationship formation, then it would be expected that sexual intercourse would be rewarding enough to promt formation but one night stands and prostitutes are testement to this to this so sex alone isnt enough reward to promt relationship- more complex. - Critisied as being ethnocentric- collectivist cultures dont have the same emphasis on the need reward satisfaction of the individual. Arranged marriages arent based on + associationd through conditioning and their formation is for less emotional reasons ( financial reasons) |
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maintanance A01 - The social exchange theory |
- Thibaut and Kelley -Social behaviour based on series of exchanges where people try to max rewards and min costs to get profit. - Reward is companionship and sex and costs are effort and time wasted. - Suggests rewards minus costs = outcome (profit/loss) -relationship based on profitibility - more profitable more likely to maintain. -Develop Comparison level -judge if someone offers something better or worse than previous relationship. - product of previous relationships plus expectations of current one. - if profit exceeds CL the reationship in judged as worthwhile and will maintain the relationship. - Comparison level for alternaives is where the person weighs up potential increase in rewards from a different partner, minus any costs assosiated with ending current. New relationship will take the place of current is profitablity is higher. |
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A02 - support of SET |
- idea of 'profit and loss' comes from fact that exchange ahs been used to explain why some people stay in abusive relationships- rasbault and Martz argue when investment low (children) and alternative low, this could be seen as a profit situation. - Support for CL comes from looking into how people in relationships deal with poten alternatives. Simpson asked pts to rate members of the opposite sex in terms of attractiveness. Those in a relationship rated less - reducing rewards a potential con offer, more likely to maintain. - Real world app- in terms of positive exchsnges. Those in unseccessful marriages report lack of + positive behaviour exchanges with partner and excesss - exchanges. Intergrated Behavioural therepy helps partners to break the - patterns of behaviour that cause problems and thereofre makeing each other happier. Christen et al treated over 60 distressed couples uning IBCT and found that about 2/3 reported improvements in quality of relationship. exchasnges can be generalised to maintaining relationship. |
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A02 - critisisms of SET |
- Idea of CL dont explain why some leave relationships despite no alternatives. - Selfish nature - people only motivated to maintain out of selfish reasons (rewards/overall profit) this also demonstates how it is culturally bias. Moghaddam- would apply to western and st repationships of people with high mobiity (students) Lt relationshios within less mobile groups are more likely to value security over personal profit.
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Model of relationship breakdown - A01
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- Rollie and duck
- breakdown - one reaches point where they consider breaking up - dissatisfied - infra psychic- one looks into relationship and see the partner in negative terms - promotes social withdrawl - dyadic - declares resentment and problems are aired and disputed - social- breakup made public and friends and family listen and give advice- time where they justify the breakup. Grave dressing. -official announcement of split- both give their account of the breakup and they put themselves in a good light so they dont deter potential partnenets - resurrection - moves on and learns from mistakes. |
