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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

define cognition

a general term that refers to the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge

define mental image

a mental representation of objects or events that are not physically present

define concepts

a mental category we have formed to group objects, events, or situations that share similar features or characteristics

problem solving strategies

trial and error- involves actually trying a variety of solutions and eliminating those that don't work


algorithm- a method that, when followed step by step, always produces the correct solution


heuristic- a general rule-of-thumb strategy that may or may not work

decision strategies

single feature- basing your decision on one feature


additive model- multiple important features


elimination- narrowing your options

characteristics of language



symbols; sounds, written words, or formalized gestures (sign language)

define intelligence

the global capacity to think rationally, any purposefully, and deal effectively with the environment

alfred binet

psychologist who developed procedures to identify students who might require special help

david wechsler

in charge of testing adults of widely varying cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds and ages at a large hospital in NYC

intelligence tests

Alfred Benet


World War 1


WAIS

Principles of test construction

Standardization- given to a large number of participants


Reliability- consistant results


Validity- measures what it is intended to measure

theories of intelligence

spearman(general intelligence for overall performance)


gardener(many types of intelligence)


sternberg(3 types, analytical, practical, and creative)



define motivation

the biological, emotional, cognitive, or social forces that activate and direct behavior

Motivation theories

drive(driven to meet basic needs)


incentive(driven by rewards, such as money)


arousal(adrenalin motivation)


humanistic(psychological motive to keep moving forward)

define homeostasis

the body maintains internal states such as body temperature and energy supplies

what is set point theory

natural optimal body weight, called set point weight

factors in obesity

"super size it" syndrome: overeating


positive incentive value: high palatable foods


cafeteria diet effect: variety= more consumed


sedentary lifestyles


too little sleep


lifespan changes

What is CCK

a hormone responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein. (AKA tells you when your full)

stages of human sexuality

excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution



motivation is sexual behavior

desire, health

psychological needs (MASLOW)

psychological: food, water, shelter


safety: security


love: intimate relationship, friends


esteem: feelings, accomplishments


self actualization: full potential

competence vs. achievements

competence is when you can complete a task and do it well, without being the best


achievement is to be the best

define emotion

a complex state that involves a subjective experience, a psychological response, and a behavioral response

theories of emotion

James Lang Theory- the theory that emotions arise from the perception of body changes


Two Factor Theory- theory that emotion is the interaction of psychological arousal and the cognitive label that we apply to explain the arousal