Psychology, Prologue And Chapter 1

Front 1

What is psychology?

Back 1

Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental process. comes from the Greek word "psyche" (mind) and "logia" (study)

Front 2

The Scientific method.

Back 2

1) Formulate a research question
2) Formulate a hypothesis
3) Test hypothesis
4) Analyze results
5) Draw conclusions

Front 3

Replication-

Back 3

In order to confirm a study it must be repeatable by peers.

Front 4

Psychologists are-

Back 4

1) trained to observe and analyze behavior patterns, develop theories on behavior, and apply knowledge to influence behavior.
2) MA, PSY.D, or PH.D
3) only a select few can dispense medicine and write proscriptions.

Front 5

Psychiatrists are-

Back 5

1) Trained medical doctors who treat people with disturbed behavior.

Front 6

Where did psychology begin?

Back 6

Psychology was started by Socrates who thought of the idea of introspection. He then passed this on to Plato who passed it on to Aristotle.

Front 7

Middle ages-

Back 7

Because of the pandemonium of the middle ages caused by the plague logic was lost and psychology was forgotten.

Front 8

Wilhiem Wundt-

Back 8

Opened the first psychological lab in Germany in 1865.

Front 9

Experimental Psychology-

Back 9

1870-1880; old school of thought; Wilhiem Wundt studied the thought process through trained introspection.

Front 10

Structuralism-

Back 10

Tichener studied thought processes, the structure of the mind and the elements of thought. Old school of thought.

Front 11

Functionalism-

Back 11

William James and John Dewly studied mental processes in adapting to the environment through experimental observation. Old school of thought.

Front 12

Psycho Analytic-

Back 12

Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and Karen Horne studied the effects of determinant of behavior effect of early life personality through individual case studies. New School of thought.

Front 13

Behaviorism-

Back 13

Ivan Pavlov, Edward Thorndike, John B Watson, and B.F. Skinner studied observed behaviors through experiments. New School of thought

Front 14

Gestalt Psychology-

Back 14

Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, and Kurt Koffla studied organization and context in the perception of meaningful wholes. Old School of thought.

Front 15

Humanistic Psychology-

Back 15

Carl Rogers and Abrahm Maslow studied the self concept, free will, and human nature as natural positive and growth seeking.New School of thought

Front 16

Cognitive Psychology-

Back 16

Jean Piget, Albert Bandura, and albert Ellis studied conscious thought, perception, and information processing. New school of thought.

Front 17

Bio Psych-

Back 17

Genetics and physiological processes occuring in the brain and nervous system. New school of thought.

Front 18

Evolutionary Psychology-

Back 18

Charles Darwin, Konrad Lorenz, and E.O. Wilson studied natural selection, adaption, and evolution of beavior patterns. New School of thought.

Front 19

Sociocultural Psychology-

Back 19

John Berry, Patricia Greenfield, and Richard Brislin studied social interaction and the cultural determinants of behavior. New school of thought

Front 20

Name the new schools of thought.

Back 20

1) Psyco Analytic
2) Behaviorism
3) Humanistic psychology
4) Cognitive psychology
5) Bio psych
6) Evolutionary psychology
7) Sociocultural psycology

Front 21

What are the four research methods?

Back 21

1) Case Studies
2) Surveys
3) Naturalistic observation
4) Experiments

Front 22

What is a case study?

Back 22

Behavior of one or several persons when studied in depth.
Pros) Produces a lot of detailed Data
Cons) They don't represent the population. They can be time consuming and expensive. Observer Bias is a potential problem.

Front 23

What is a survey?

Back 23

A large number of subjects are asked a standard set of questions.
Pros) Large amounts of data quickly and cheaply.
Cons) Biased question, Subjects can lie easily.

Front 24

What is Naturalistic observation?

Back 24

Human of Animal subjects behavior is observed in the environment in which it occurs naturally.
Pros) Provides information that is accurate of the subjects natural behavior.
Cons) Observer may alter subjects behavior. Observers Bias. Generalized to other setting and other subjects.

Front 25

What is a Random Sample?

Back 25

A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of being picked.

Front 26

What is a Stratified Sample?

Back 26

A sample that is drawn in a way that known subgroups with in a population are represented in proportion to their number in the general population.

Front 27

What is a corelation study?

Back 27

The relationship of one variable from another.

Front 28

What is and independent variable?

Back 28

The variables that the researchers change or manipulate.

Front 29

What is the dependent variable?

Back 29

The variables that changes due to the independent variables.

Front 30

What are Convoluting Variable?

Back 30

Variables other than the dependent and independent variables.

Front 31

What is the Placebo affect?

Back 31

Is when researchers take two groups and give one the actual drug and the other a sugar pill.

Front 32

What is a single blind study?

Back 32

Participants don't know whether they are receiving treatment or not.

Front 33

What is a double blind study?

Back 33

Both participants and experimenters are unaware of who has obtained treatment.

Front 34

What is the Descriptive method?

Back 34

The basic purpose is to observe and record behavior through case studies, surveys, and naturalistic observation.

Front 35

What is the Correlational Method?

Back 35

The basic purpose is to study the relationship of two variables by computing statistical association, sometimes with surveys.

Front 36

What is the experimental method?

Back 36

The basic purpose is to explore the cause and effect by manipulating factors over a random group to eliminate prejudice.

Front 37

What are the Four ethical principals of research?

Back 37

1) Subjects must be informed
2) Subjects should be at minimal risk
3) Subjects must be told the purpose of the research after a study.
4) What a subject says MUST be held in confidentiality.

Front 38

What is the differences between basic and applied research?

Back 38

Basic research studies theoretical questions while applied research attempts to answer real world problems.