Psychology Paper 1 Definitions

Front 1

Agentic state

Back 1

State of mind where a person will be obedient and lass the blame onto the authority

Front 2

Anxiety

Back 2

Feelings of worry and tension as well as physcial changes like high blood pressure

Front 3

Attachment

Back 3

Strong emotional bond between an infant and caregiver

Front 4

Bowlbys theory

Back 4

Suggests children are programmed to form attachment because it will help them survive

Front 5

Capacity

Back 5

The amount of information which can be stored in a memory store

Front 6

Caregiver

Back 6

Someone who directly deals with the needs of a child

Front 7

Continuity hypothesis

Back 7

Theory that there's a link between the early attachment relationship and later relationships.

E.g. with their own children

Front 8

Authoritarian personality

Back 8

Belief in obedience or submission to someone else's authority due to personality

E.g Jack being obedient to monarchy

Front 9

Critical period

Back 9

The period of time an infant has to form an attachment to progress normally

E.g. for humans it's 2 years

Front 10

Cognitive interview

Back 10

Method of police interviewing eye witness to enhance retrieval

- report every detail

- start at the end

- from another perspective

Front 11

Compliance

Back 11

Shallow form of conformity when someone changes their behaviour to fit in with a group

Front 12

Conformity

Back 12

Change in a behaviour or opinion to match a group

Front 13

Deprivation

Back 13

Seperation from an attached caregiver / figure.

Front 14

Dispositional explanations

Back 14

Explanation that something is caused by internal characteristics of an individual

Front 15

Classical conditioning

Back 15

A learning process which occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired

Front 16

Cues

Back 16

Stimuli that let you access a specific memory or information

Front 17

Cultural variation in attachment

Back 17

Different cultures raise their children differently meaning the children develop different attachments

Front 18

Duration

Back 18

The length of time information can be stored in the memory

Front 19

Eyewitness testimony

Back 19

Information gathered from someone who saw the event take place

Front 20

Identification

Back 20

Middle level of conformity. Conforming because they identify with the group and want to be accepted

Front 21

Informational social influence

Back 21

Explanation for conformity. People conform to the group opinion / behaviour becuase they don't know the answer.

Front 22

Internalisation

Back 22

When the individual accepts majority group view and believes it to be correct

E.g. Sherif

Front 23

Encoding

Back 23

How information is represented in the memory

Front 24

Episodic memory

Back 24

Memory of things that have happened in an individuals life

Front 25

Internal working model

Back 25

A model of the world which enables individuals to predict their environment. It often reflects the attachment with the main caregiver

Front 26

Ligitimate authority

Back 26

A person who is perceived to in a position of social control within a situation

Front 27

Locus of control

Back 27

Belief about whether the outcomes of their actions are dependent on what they do or events outside their personal control

Front 28

Long term memory

Back 28

Memory for events in the past

Coded semantically.

Unlimited duration

Unlimited capacity

Front 29

Imprinting

Back 29

An innate readiness to develop a strong bond with the mother. Takes the place during the first few hours of life.

Front 30

Internality

Back 30

Individuals who tend to believe that they are responsible for their behaviour and experience rather than external forces

Front 31

Learning theory

Back 31

The name given to a group of explanation (classical + operant conditioning) which explains behaviour in terms of learning

Front 32

Leading question

Back 32

A question that suggests a desired response from an eyewitness

Front 33

Insecure avoident attachment

Back 33

A type of attachment which describes those children who tens to avoid social interaction and intimacy

Front 34

Interactional synchrony

Back 34

When two people interact they tend to mirror what the other is doing in terms of their facial and body movements. Feature of infant caregiver interaction.

Front 35

Institutionalisation

Back 35

The effect of institutional care. How time spend in an orphanage can affect development of children

Front 36

Insecure resistant attachment

Back 36

A type of attachment who describes those infants who both seek and reject social intimacy and interaction

Front 37

Interference

Back 37

An explanation for forgetting in terms of one memory disrupting the ability to recall another.