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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are efferent neurons?
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They carry information away from the brain.
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What are afferent neurons?
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They carry information to the brain.
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What are dendrites and where are they located?
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They are little hair pieces around the soma that receive messages from other neurons.
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What is the soma and where is it located?
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It contains the nucleus life center and it is on top of neurons.
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What is the hillcock and where is it located?
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It is the information collecting ground beneath the soma.
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What is the axon and where is it located?
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6. It conducts electrical impulses. It extends from the soma to the terminal branches/buttons.
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What is the myelin sheath and where is it located?
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It is the fatty covering on some axons that speeds along neural impulses.
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What are the nodes of ranvier and where are they located?
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They are tiny gaps in the myelin sheaths of neurons. The function is unknown.
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Where are the terminal branches?
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Opposite dendrites.
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What are the terminal buttons and what do they do?
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10. They release neurotransmitters that communicate with dendrites on the next neuron. They are the nodules at the end of terminal branches.
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What are neurotransmitters and where are they located?
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11. They are found in terminal branches/buttons and are chemcial messanger molecules that allow communciation between neurons.
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What is a neuron’s action potential?
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electrical current from a neural firing.
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What is synapse?
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A microscopic gap between two neurons.
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What are receptor sites?
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Where neurotransmitters fit into a special “slot”.
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What is the refractory period?
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The brief period of time in which a neuron cannot fire again.
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What are agonists and antagonists?
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16. Agonsists are substances that mimic or replicate the effect of a neurotransmitter. Antagonists are substances that block the effect of a neurotransmitter.
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What is a psychoactive substance?
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17. A substance that has an effect on mental states or functioning, such as caffeine.
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What are the two main parts of the nervous system?
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Central and Peripheral
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What makes up the CNS?
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Brain and spinal cord
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What makes up the PNS?
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All nerves in the body connect so that they may communicate
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Name the two parts to the PNS and what they do.
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. Somatic-voluntary muscles movements; Autonomic-involuntary functions.
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Name the two parts to the autonomic and what they do.
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22. Sympathetic-energizes body’s systems to respond to a stressor. Parasympathetic-calms the body after a stressful situation.
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What are reflexes?
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Automatic reactions to certain stimuli.
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What is lesioning?
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Purposefully destroying or removing part of the brain through surgery.
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What is EEG?
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Measures basic brain wave activity.
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What is CAT?
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Numerous x-rays. Shows brain structure not function.
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What is MRI?
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Measures/displays info about brain. Structures but not function. More detailed than CAT.
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What is PET?
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Sees brain activity.
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What are the three main sections of the brain?
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Hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain.
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What are the three main structures of the hindbrain?
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Medulla, Pons, Cerebellum
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What does the medulla do?
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Controls basic functions like breathing and heart rate.
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What does Pons do?
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Connects hindbrain with other parts., coordinates facial expressions.
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What does Cerebellum do?
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Helps coordinate muscle movements/balance as well as detailed movements.
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What does the midbrain do?
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34. It is between hind and fore parts of brain; active in controlling sensory information with motor responses
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What does the forebrain?
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Consists of topmost parts of the brain.
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What are the three parts of the forebrain?
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Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Hippocamus
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What does the thalamus do?
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37. Receives sensory information from the body’s senses and directs to the appropriate areas of the brain.
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What does the hypothalamus do?
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Regulates metabolic functions.
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What does hippocamus do?
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39. Regulates processing information from short term memory to long term memory.
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What is the amygdala?
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Small oval structures that influence emotional response
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What is the cerebral cortex?
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Contains the two hemispheres
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What does the corpus callosum do?
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It connects the two hemispheres .
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It connects the two hemispheres .
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Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
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Which of the lobes controls general thought and control of emotion?
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Frontal
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Which of the lobes contains the sensory cortex?
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Parietal
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Which of the lobes receives and processes visual information?
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Occipital
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Which of the lobes interprets sound sensory information?
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Temporal
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What is neural networking?
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When existing neurons make stronger connections with other neurons.
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What is plasticity?
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49. The brain’s adaptation sometimes occurring by growing new tissue to do the task of destroyed portions of the brain.
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What is the endocrine system?
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50. A series of glands that work together to secrete chemical messengers called hormones.
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What is the hormone that is produced by the adrenal glands and stimulates the body?
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Adrenaline
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What parts help control and regulate the functions of the endocrine system?
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Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland
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What does the pituitary gland do?
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Secretes hormones and helps direct other glands and other functions
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