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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The science of psychology evolved from the older, more established fields of biology and philosophy
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True
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As a science, psychology is objective and value-free
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False
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The human brain produces its own natural opiates that elevate mood and ease pain. This natural opiates released in response to pain are called endorphins.
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True
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Dopamine, acetylcholine, nomorepherme, serotonin, and GABA are five different neurotransmitters
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False
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Senses interact: seeing, hearing, touching, tasting, and smelling are totally separate channels. In interpreting the world, the brain does not blend their inputs
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False
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If required to look through a pair of glasses that turns the world upside down, we soon adapt and coordinate our movements with difficulty. This is called perceptual adaptation.
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True
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Our experiences, assumptions, and expectations may give us a perceptual set, or mental predisposition, that greatly influences us to slow down when we see the 'po po' on the side of the highway pointing a hairdryer into oncoming traffic.
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True
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You will inhale and exhale nearly 20,000 breathes of life-sustaining air annually.
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False
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The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time is called absolute threshold.
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True
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Endolphins are natural mammals released in response to pain and vigorous exercise
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False
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Wilhelm Wundt performed experiments to study
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mental processes
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Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of
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behavior and mental processes
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Psychologists' personal values and goals
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can bias their observations and interpretations
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The function of dendrites is to
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receive messages from other neurons
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An axon is
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the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body
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A synapse is a(n)
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junction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron
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The chemical messengers released into the junctions between neurons are called
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neurotransmitters
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Neurotransmitters are released from terminals at the end of the
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axon
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Alzheimer's disease is most closely linked to the deterioration of neurons that produce
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acetylcholine
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Schizophrenia is most closely linked with an oversupply of the neurotransmitters
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dopamine
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An undersupply of serotonin is most closely linked to
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depression
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Migraines are most closely linked with an
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oversupply of glutamate
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Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as
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endorphines
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The two majors divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the _______ peripheral
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nervous system
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The central nervous system consists of
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the brain and the spinal cord
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Messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to muscles in your hands by the ______
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peripheral
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The somatic nervous system is the part of the ______
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nervous system
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The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of internal organs is called the
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autonomic nervous system
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The parasympathetic nervous system
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stimulates digestion and slows heartbeat
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You come home one night to find a burglar in your house. Your heart starts racing and you begin to perspire. These physical reactions are triggered by the
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sympathetic nervous system
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After discovering that the shadows outside his windows were only the trees in the yard, Ralph's blood pressures decreased and his heart beat slowed. These physical reactions were most directly regulated by his
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parasympathetic nervous system
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Hormones are the chemical messengers of the
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endocrine system
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Endocrine glands secrete hormones into
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the bloodstream
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Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-idtenitiy depends primarily on the normal functioning of your
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cerebral cortex
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The most influential gland of the endocrine system is the
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pituitary gland
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The visual cortex is located in the
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occipital lobe
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The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem is called the
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cerebellum
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The capacity f a brain area to reorganize to damage is known as
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plasticity
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Consciousness is
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our awareness of ourselves and our environment
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Our inability to consciously process all the sensory information available to us at any single moment best illustrates the need for
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selective attention
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If asked to watch a video and press a key each time a black-shirted player passed a basketball, most research participants remained unaware of a man in a gorilla suit strolling across the video screen. This illustrate
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inattentional blindness
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Circadian rhythm refers to
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a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a 24- hour cycle
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Sleep deprivation has been shown to
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diminish immunity to disease
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A need to take larger and larger doses of sleeping pulls in order to avoid insomnia indicates
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tolerance
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In which of the following disorders does the person repeatedly stop breathing while asleep?
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sleep apnea
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According to Freud, dreams are
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a symbolic fulfillment of erotic wishes
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The directions and encoding of stimulus energies by the nervous system is called
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sensation
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Perception is the process by which
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sensory input is organized and interpreted
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Until recently, our sense of taste was thought to involves only four sensations. They are
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bitter, sweet, sour, and salty
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Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which sounds travel after entering the ear?
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auditory canal, eardrum, middle ear, cochlea
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