Psychology (Gerow-Chpt 5) Memory

Front 1

What is human memory?

Back 1

A set of systems or processes that involve the acquisition, storage, and retrieval of information

Front 2

Although it is often referred to in the singular, memory is not a single structure or process, it involves…

Back 2

Encoding, Storage, Retrieval

Front 3

(1) The process of putting information into memory, or forming cognitive representations of information

Back 3

Encoding

Front 4

The process of keeping encoded representations in memory

Back 4

Storage

Front 5

The process of locating stored information in memory and getting it out in a useful fashion

Back 5

Retrieval

Front 6

Stores large amounts of memory for short periods of time (a few seconds or less)

Back 6

Sensory memory

Front 7

a level of memory processing with limited capacity that will fade after a brief duration if not rehearsed

Back 7

Short term memory (STM)

Front 8

Analogous to a “desktop” or “workbench” where we keep information while we are working with it

Back 8

Short term memory (STM), also called working memory

Front 9

A representation in memory of a meaningful unit of information is a “_____”

Back 9

chunk

Front 10

Psychologist who worked with short term memory

Back 10

Alan D. Baddeley

Front 11

What type of memory was referred to as a "leaky bucket"?

Back 11

Short term memory (STM)

Front 12

Memory for large amounts of information that is held for long periods of time

Back 12

Long term memory (LTM)

Front 13

To think about information, organize it, form images of it, make it meaningful, or relate it to something already in LTM

Back 13

elaborative rehearsal

Front 14

Different types of LTM?

Back 14

1.Semantic memory 2.Episodic memory 3.Procedural memory

Front 15

________ memory is of specific, not abstract, events

Back 15

Episodic

Front 16

The subset of LTM which stores vocabulary, simple concepts and rules

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Semantic memory

Front 17

The subset of LTM where we store the responses and chains of events that have been well learned

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Procedural memory (non-declarative memory)

Front 18

Memory of significant life events

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Autobiographical memory

Front 19

Psychologist who called procedural knowlege "knowing how" and declarative knowledge "knowing that"

Back 19

John Anderson

Front 20

The psychologist who said we "make up new memories everyday" was…

Back 20

Elisabeth Loftus

Front 21

extremely unpleasant, traumatic events are pushed deep into the unconscious corners of memory where retrieval is difficult at best

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Repressed memory (motivated forgetting)

Front 22

The process that occurs when someone produces information to which he/she has been previously exposed

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Recall

Front 23

The retrieval process of identifying material that has been previously experienced

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Recognition

Front 24

Retrieval is most successful when cues present at encoding are also present at retrieval

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Matching context

Front 25

The extent to which a given stimulus elicits existing associations already stored in memory

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Meaningfulness

Front 26

Techniques that aid retrieval by helping us to organize and add meaningfulness to new material

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Mnemonic devices

Front 27

The mnemonic technique of weaving otherwise unrelated or unorganized material into a meaningful story

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Narrative chaining

Front 28

The mnemonic technique of imaging a visual connection to a key word to be remembered

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Key word method

Front 29

The process of practicing or rehearsing material over and above what is needed to learn it

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Overlearning

Front 30

One of the best methods for practicing retrieval is to

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Test yourself

Front 31

“Tests enhance later retention more than additional study of the material, even when tests are given without feedback” quote by…

Back 31

Roediger & Karpike