Psychology Final Exam (B)

Front 1

Refers to innate, inherited reasoning abilities, memory, and speed of information processing, relatively independent of education

Back 1

fluid intelligence

Front 2

refers to the store of knowledge and skills gained through experience and education that increase over a lifetime

Back 2

crystallized intelligence

Front 3

Stages of Pregnancy

Back 3

1. Germinal Period

2. Embryonic Period

3. Fetal Period

Front 4

Which environmental agents can cross the placenta barrier and cause damage to the fetus?

Back 4

Xrays, legal drugs, german measles, HIV, nicotine, and alcohol. (D. All of the above)

Front 5

_______ occurs when existing schemas are used to interpret new information, whereas ______ involves changes and adaptations of the schemas.

Back 5

Assimilation; accommodation

Front 6

The personal fable and risk taking that occur during adolescent egocentrism are due primarily to the underdevelopment of what part of the brain?

Back 6

prefrontal cortex

Front 7

Reasons that many teenagers exhibit moodiness, irritability, and impulsive behavior is due to a combination of ______ and _____.

Back 7

Oversized limbic system; underdeveloped prefrontal cortex.

Front 8

_____ refers to biological changes during adolescence that lead to an adult-sized body and sexual maturity.

Back 8

Puberty

Front 9

What conclusions can be drawn from infant-attachment and adult relationship studies?

Back 9

Early attachment is likely to predict adult relationship styles

Front 10

3 Major Parenting Styles

Back 10

Permissive, Authoritarian, Authoritative

Front 11

Less controlling and behave with a non-punishing and accepting attitude towards their children's impulses, desires, and actions.

Back 11

Permissive Parents

Front 12

Attempt to shape, control, and evaluate the behavior and attitudes of their children in accordance with a set standard of conduct, usually an absolute standard that comes from religious or respected authorities.

Back 12

Authoritarian parents

Front 13

Attempt to direct their children's activities in a rational and intelligent way. They are supportive, loving, and committed, encourage verbal give and take, and discuss their rules.

Back 13

Authoritative Parents

Front 14

Failure to resolve the identity versus role confusion stage of Erikson's theory will cause subsequent problems with _____.

Back 14

relationships

Front 15

______ refers to the desire to perform an act for its own sake, whereas ____ refers to the desire to perform an act because of external rewards or the avoidance of punishment.

Back 15

Intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation

Front 16

Yerkes Dodson Law

Most of us perform best on difficult tasks when we experience______ and perform best of easy tasks when we experience ____.

Back 16

High arousal; low arousal

Front 17

According to the facial-feedback hypothesis, expressing an emotion should ______.

Back 17

intensify it

Front 18

________ operates on the pleasure principle

Back 18

id

Front 19

_______ operates on the reality principle

Back 19

ego

Front 20

______ contains the conscience and the ego-ideal, which provide moral guidance for the ego.

Back 20

superego

Front 21

To prevent the ______ associated with the ego's failure to satisfy both the id and superego, people develop and use ______.

Back 21

conscious anxiety; defense mechanisms

Front 22

Compared to introverts, extroverts tend to have ______.

Back 22

lower levels of physiological arousal

Front 23

We misjudge the causes of another person's behavior because we overestimate internal, personal factors and underestimate external, situational influences. This is called ____.

Back 23

the fundamental attribution error

Front 24

Faulty decision making that is the result of a highly cohesive group striving for agreement to the point of avoiding inconsistent information is known as _____.

Back 24

groupthink

Front 25

Prejudice is______; discrimination is______

Back 25

an attitude; a behavior

Front 26

People use stereotypes as ______.

Back 26

mental shortcuts to help free up mental resources

Front 27

The major cementing factor in maintaining a long-term relationship is ______.

Back 27

similarity

Front 28

Sternburg's Theory of Love is based on mutual feelings of ______.

Back 28

intimacy, passion, and commitment

Front 29

About _______ of people with a lifetime mental disorder do not ask for nor receive any professional treatment.

Back 29

60%

Front 30

The most common mental disorder among adults in the United States today.

Back 30

Anxiety disorders

Front 31

Mood disorders include______.

Back 31

depression and mania

Front 32

Anxiety is experienced by nearly everyone, and is not a mental disorder unless _____.

Back 32

Its chronic intensity disrupts your life

Front 33

Compulsions refer to ________; whereas obsessions refer to _________.

Back 33

senseless behaviors; exaggerated thoughts

Front 34

People who attribute bad outcomes to themselves and good outcomes to external factors are more prone to _____ than people who do the opposite.

Back 34

depression

Front 35

A disorder that is characterized by severely disturbed perception, language, thought, emotion, and behavior is ______.

Back 35

schizophrenia

Front 36

The presence of inflexible, maladaptive personality traits that significantly impair social occupational functioning is a characteristic of _______.

Back 36

personality disorders

Front 37

Egocentrism, lack of a conscience, impulsive behavior, and superficial charm are characteristic of someone with

Back 37

an antisocial personality disorder

Front 38

________ is characterized by impulsivity, and an instability of mood, relationships, and self-image.

Back 38

borderline personality disorder