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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
psychological disorder
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a harmful dysfunction in which behavior is judged to be atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, and unjustifiable.
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medical model
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psychological disorders are sicknesses that can be treated in a hospital and can be cured.
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bio-psycho-social perspective
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biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders.
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Labeling Psychological Disorders
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labeling creates preconceptions that unfairly stigmatize people and bias our perceptions of their past and present behavior.
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anxiety disorders
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psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.
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generalized anxiety disorder
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person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
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panic disorder
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minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.
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phobias
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a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.
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OCD
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unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)
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Mood Disorders
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psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes.
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Depression
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two or more weeks of depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities.
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Mania
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marked by hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.
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Bipolar
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cycle between depression and mania.
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Schizophrenia
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a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusion thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions.
excess amount of dopamine receptors in brain. |
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delusions
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false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.
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Paranoid Schizophrenia
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preoccupation with delusions or halllucinations often with themes of persecution or grandiosity.
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Disorganized Schizophrenia
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disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion.
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Catatonic Schizophrenia
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immobility, extreme negativism, and/or parrot-like repeating of another's speech or movements.
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Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
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many and varied symptoms.
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Residual Schizophrenia
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withdrawal, after hallucinations and delusions have disappeared.
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flat affect
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zombie like state of apparent apathy.
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Personality Disorders
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psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.
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antisocial personality disorder
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the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even towards friends or family members. may be aggressive and ruthless, or a clever con artist.
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psychotherapy
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an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties.
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ecelectic approach
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an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.
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psychoanalysis
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Freud's technique;
free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences bring about repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight. |
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resistance
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the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.
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interpretation
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the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances and other significant behaviors in order to promote insight.
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transference
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the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships.
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psychodynamic therapy
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try to understand the patient's symptoms by exploring their childhood experiences; probe for repressed emotions and feelings, seeking to help the person gain insight to the roots of the problems and work through the feelings.
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client-centered therapy
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Carl Rogers
the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine,accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth. |
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active listening
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empathic listening in whic the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies.
rogers' client-centered therapy uses this |
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behavior therapy
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therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.
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counterconditioning
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conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning.
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exposure therapies
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treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid.
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systematic desensitization
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type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli; commonly used to treat phobias.
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aversive conditioning
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type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).
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token economy
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an operant conditioning procedure that reqards for desired behavior. a patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned for exhibiting the desired behavior, for various privileges or treats.
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cognitive therapy
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therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting.
based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions. |
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cognitive-behavior therapy
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a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy(changing self-defeating thinking) with thinking therapy(changing behavior).
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group/family therapy
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therapy that treats the family as a system. views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other members of the family.
attempts to guide family members towards relationships and improved communication. |
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light exposure therapy
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prevents seasonal affective disorder; in winter some will spend their mornings in front of a light that is as natural as outdoor light, therefore helping with SAD.
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psychopharmacology
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the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.
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Xanax
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antianxiety
depress central nervous system activity; in combination with other therapy, can help a person learn to cope with frightening situations and fear-triggering stimuli. |
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Zoloft
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Antidepressant
life people up from a state of depression; work by increasing the availability of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin (which elevate arousal and mood). see Prozac* |
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Prozac
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antidepressant;
serotinin-enhancing drug, also prescribed for OCD; partially blocks the reabsorption and removal of serotonin from synapses. |
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Lithium
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can be a mood stabilizer in manic depression patients
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Valium
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antianxiety;
depress central nervous system activity; in combination with other therapy, can help a person learn to cope with frightening situations and fear-triggering stimuli. |
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Thorazine
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antipsychotic
dampen responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli; can produce tremors, sluggishness, tremors and twitches. |
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Clozaril
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antipsychotic/neuroleptic
stops hallucinations in schizophrenia |
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Ativan
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??
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positive and negative symptoms of shizophrenia
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positive:auditory hallucinations and paranoia
negative: withdrawal and apathy |
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ECT
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Electroconvulsive Therapy
a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient. |
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psychosurgery
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surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.
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lobotomy
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a now-rare psychosurgery procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. the procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.
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