Psychology Final

Front 1

psychological

Back 1

In psychotherapy, therapist and client engage in systematic interaction that applies __________ principles in order to help the patient overcome psychological disorders

Front 2

demons

Back 2

The earlier form of "treatment" for psychological disorders was based on the belief that mental illness was cuased by __________.

Front 3

asylums

Back 3

The function of early __________ was to provide a place to store the mentally ill.

Front 4

mentally ill

Back 4

Phillipe Pinel advanced the treatment of the __________ as a result of his efforts at La Bicentre in Paris.

Front 5

psychodynamic therapies

Back 5

__________ assume most problems arise from early childhood experiences and internal conflict.

Front 6

psychoanalysis

Back 6

__________ is the traditional form of psychodynamic therapy as pioneered by Sigmund Freud

Front 7

wish fulfillment

Back 7

According to Freud, the unconscious impulses tend to be expressed in dreams as a form of __________.

Front 8

latent content

Back 8

Freud interpreted the perceived content of a dream in terms of its presumed hidden or symbolic content.

Front 9

self

Back 9

Humanistic therapies are focused on strengthening the __________.

Front 10

client centered

Back 10

Carl Rogers originated __________ therapy.

Front 11

frame of reference

Back 11

In client-centered therapy, the therapist tries to set aside his or her own values and experiences and view the word through the client's __________.

Front 12

more directive

Back 12

Gestalt therapy differs from client-centered therapy in that Gestalt approaches are __________.

Front 13

conditioning

Back 13

Behavior therapy uses the principles of __________ to promote desired behavior change.

Front 14

fear

Back 14

Flooding, systematic desensitization, and modeling are behavioral methods for reducing __________.

Front 15

conditioned or learned

Back 15

Systematic desensitization procedures assume that fear is a __________ response

Front 16

aversive

Back 16

A __________ conditioning technique for those who wish to quit smoking involves overexposure to inhaled and secondary smoke.

Front 17

behavior modification

Back 17

According to __________, if a habit is not reinforced it will become extinguished.

Front 18

operant

Back 18

Token economy is a behavioral treatment approach based on __________ conditioning principles.

Front 19

cognitive

Back 19

__________ therapists focus on beliefs and attitudes that create and compound their clients psychological problems.

Front 20

directive

Back 20

Ellis's Rational Emotional Behavior Therapy is active and __________ .

Front 21

irrational

Back 21

Albert Ellis focused on the __________ quality of his clients beliefs.

Front 22

economical

Back 22

One advantage to group therapy is that it is more __________.

Front 23

family therapy

Back 23

A form of group therapy that employs the systems approach is called __________.

Front 24

alcoholics anonymous

Back 24

Research has shown that __________ is as effective as other forms of psychotherapy.

Front 25

experiment

Back 25

The ideal research method for evaluating the success of therapeutic methods is the __________.

Front 26

well-educated

Back 26

Psychodynamic and client-centered therapy tend to work with __________, verbal, and highly motivated clients.

Front 27

biological

Back 27

Therapies that influence psysiological processes are called __________ approaches

Front 28

antianxiety

Back 28

"Minor tranquilizer" is another term for __________ drug.

Front 29

sertonin

Back 29

Antidepressant medication tends to increase the concentration of __________ and noradrenaline in the brain.

Front 30

antidepressant

Back 30

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used with depressed individuals who do not respond to __________.

Front 31

social psychology

Back 31

__________ studies the nature and causes of behavior and mental processes in social situations.

Front 32

attitudes

Back 32

The A-B problem focuses on consistency between our __________ and behavior.

Front 33

learned

Back 33

Attitudes are __________ .

Front 34

central

Back 34

The __________ route is to facts and research results whereas the peripheral route is to status and prestige.

Front 35

repeated exposure

Back 35

Research has shown that mere __________ to any stimulus increases the likelihood that people will like it and react favorably to it.

Front 36

fear

Back 36

A type of persuasive communication that attempts to influence behavior by arounsing __________ instead of rational nalysis is fear appeal.

Front 37

expertise

Back 37

Persuasive communicators usually have a good deal of __________, attractiveness, and trustworthiness.

Front 38

selective

Back 38

Deliberately looking for and paying attention to information that is consistent with one's attitues is __________ exposure.

Front 39

cognitive dissonance

Back 39

__________ focuses on the relationship between behavior and beliefs.

Front 40

stereotypes

Back 40

Atittudes that are based on overgeneralizations that can be positive or negative are called __________.

Front 41

social learning

Back 41

People form prejudices because of __________, social conflict, and dissimilarity.

Front 42

recency

Back 42

The __________ effect is the tendency to evaluate others in terms of the most recent impression they make on us.

Front 43

attribution

Back 43

An assumption about why people do the things they do is an __________.

Front 44

behavior

Back 44

The fundamental attribution error focuses on the __________.

Front 45

self-serving bias

Back 45

The __________ is the tendency to credit our successes to internal dispositional factors and out failurs to situational influences.

Front 46

dispositional

Back 46

When a person acts consistently the same way on many different occasions, we tend to make a __________ attribution.

Front 47

internal

Back 47

When the distinctiveness of a person's behavior is low, we tend to make __________ attributions.

Front 48

gentle and brief

Back 48

Touching is usually an effective way to increase tips for a server when the touching is __________.

Front 49

social influence

Back 49

Obedience and conformity all fall under the social psychology category of __________.

Front 50

relcuctantly

Back 50

In the Milgram studies, when the teachers were asked to continue the shocks even though the learner protested, most teachers __________ continued.

Front 51

conformity

Back 51

When behavior or attitudes are adjusted to go along with a group norm this is called __________.

Front 52

evaluating

Back 52

Evaluation apprehension is best defined as concern that others are __________ us.

Front 53

individual

Back 53

Research seems to support the idea that group decisions are worse than __________ decisions.

Front 54

self-awareness

Back 54

Deindividuation is defined as a state of reduced __________.

Front 55

identity

Back 55

Research has shown that people are more likely to help people with whom they can __________.

Front 56

supernatural

Back 56

Throughout human history, people have assumed that psychological disorders resulted from __________ forces

Front 57

brain

Back 57

Hippocrates proposed that psychological disorders might be caused by a __________ abnormality.

Front 58

psychological disorders

Back 58

The DSM IV can be used to determine __________ based on presenting behavior patterns.

Front 59

excessive

Back 59

While anxiety is an appropriate response to a threat, it becomes evidence of a disorder when it is __________.

Front 60

specific

Back 60

__________ phobias are excessive, irrational fears of specific objects or situations such as snakes or heights.

Front 61

panic attack

Back 61

People experiencing a __________ are often aware of cardiac sensations and often think they are having a heart attack.

Front 62

obsession

Back 62

A recurrent, intrusive thought that causes anxiety and is difficult to control is an __________.

Front 63

compulsions

Back 63

It is believed that __________ tend to reduce anxiety connected with obsessions.

Front 64

concordance

Back 64

Twin studies reveal higher rates of __________ for anxiety disorders among identical twins than among fraternal twins.

Front 65

organic

Back 65

Dissociative disorders involve a loss of memory that cannot be attributed to __________ problems.

Front 66

anxiety

Back 66

Somatoform disorders involve the conversion of __________ into a physical form.

Front 67

depression

Back 67

The "common cold" of psychological disorders is __________.

Front 68

major

Back 68

Psychomotor retardation is associated with __________ depression.

Front 69

manic-depressive

Back 69

Bipolar disorder used to be called __________ disorder

Front 70

learned helplessness

Back 70

Learning theory suggests that depression can result from __________.

Front 71

external

Back 71

An __________ attribution is one in which the blame is placed on someone or something other than the self.

Front 72

memory

Back 72

Schizophrenic symptoms include core problems with __________, attention, thinking, and communication.

Front 73

hallucinations

Back 73

Imagery in the absence of external stimulation is the definition of __________ observed in people with schizophrenia.

Front 74

disorganized

Back 74

Extreme social impairment is common in individuals suffering from __________ schizophrenia

Front 75

biological

Back 75

The observation that concordance rates from schizophrenia are high in identical twins suggests that there is a __________ basis for the disorder.

Front 76

dopamine

Back 76

An important neurotransmitter involved in schizophrenic symptoms is __________.

Front 77

paranoid

Back 77

Suspiciousness is the defining trait of __________ personality disorders.

Front 78

antisocial

Back 78

Research evidence supports the theory that lack of guilt is a frequent characteristic of people with __________ personality disorder.

Front 79

suicides

Back 79

Most __________ are linked to feelings of depression and hopelessness.

Front 80

perfectionism

Back 80

is considered a possible risk factor for suicide.

Front 81

stress

Back 81

A demand made on an organism to adapt is called __________.

Front 82

eustress

Back 82

Stress that is healthful is referred to as __________.

Front 83

adjustment

Back 83

Life changes that are positive can still be stressful because __________ is involved.

Front 84

conflict

Back 84

Being pulled in two directions at the same time would most specifically be called __________.

Front 85

avoidance-avoidance

Back 85

A conflict that involves two negative goals is called __________

Front 86

activation e vent

Back 86

According to Ellis, a situation like failling a test, which results in stress is called an __________.

Front 87

aggressive

Back 87

Individuals who are highly driven, competitive, impatient, and __________ are referred to as Type A personality.

Front 88

self-efficacy

Back 88

High __________ expectations result in the ability to withstand stress.

Front 89

hardiness

Back 89

Psychological __________ is characterized by challenge, commitment, and control

Front 90

locus of control

Back 90

__________ can influence ability to cope with stress, life expectancy, and success.

Front 91

more stress

Back 91

When one can laugh at their mistakes, they can cope with __________.

Front 92

stressor

Back 92

The ability to predict a __________ helps to reduce the stress.

Front 93

decrease

Back 93

Social support tends to __________ the effects of stress.

Front 94

depression

Back 94

Social support is helpful in recovering from __________.

Front 95

endocrine

Back 95

During the alarm stage, stress has a domino effect on the __________ system.

Front 96

resistance phase

Back 96

The general adaptation stage that involves coping with the stress is called the __________.

Front 97

hormones

Back 97

Gender differences in response to stress are thought to be related to __________.

Front 98

parasympathetic

Back 98

During the exhaustion phase, the __________ division of the ANS predominates.

Front 99

immune system

Back 99

Stress suppresses the __________.

Front 100

nervous system

Back 100

Psychoneuroimmunology involves the study of relationships among the __________, immune system, and disease.

Front 101

genetic

Back 101

Illness and disease are affected by __________ predispositions.

Front 102

headaches

Back 102

__________ are among the most common stress-related physical ailments.

Front 103

migraine

Back 103

The __________ headache usually has a sudden onset and is often preceded by senseory and motor disturbances.

Front 104

coronary heart disease

Back 104

The leading cause of death in the United States is __________.

Front 105

cancer

Back 105

__________ is the leading cause of death among women in the United States.

Front 106

coping

Back 106

It can be assumed tha the more effective approach to solving problems is problem-solving

Front 107

self-examination

Back 107

The first step for changing irrational thought patterns is __________ to develop awareness.

Front 108

cognition

Back 108

Meditation targets __________ to reduce the state of arousal caused by stress.

Front 109

muscle tension

Back 109

Progressive relaxation focuses on __________ to reduce the state of arousal caused by stress.

Front 110

progressive relaxation

Back 110

The goal and intent of __________ is to distinguish be tween feelings of tension and relaxation.

Front 111

aerobic

Back 111

Jumping rope is classified as __________exercise.

Front 112

anxiety

Back 112

Exercise can help reduce the risk of depression, __________, and cancer.

Front 113

anaerobic

Back 113

Aerobic exervise is to vardiovascular fitness as __________ exercise is to muscle strength.