Psychology Final

Front 1

Albert Bandura's belief that a person's behavior is both influenced by and is influencing a person's personal factors and the environment.

Back 1

Reciprocal Determinism

Front 2

Any readily identifiable stable quality that characterizes how an individual differs from other individuals.

Back 2

Trait

Front 3

A category or broad collection of personality traits that are loosely interrelated.

Back 3

Type

Front 4

A statistical procedure for analyzing groups of variables (factors) to detect which are related.

Back 4

Factor analysis

Front 5

Major Proponent of Psychodynamic Approach

Back 5

Freud

Front 6

Major Proponent of Behavioral Approach

Back 6

Skinner

Front 7

Major Proponent of Trait and Type Approaches

Back 7

Allport, Cattel, Eysenck

Front 8

Major Proponent of Humanistic Approaches

Back 8

Maslow, Rogers

Front 9

Major Proponent of Cognitive Approaches

Back 9

Kelly, Rotter, Bandura, Mischel

Front 10

Basis of Personality: The id maximizes gratification while minimizing punishment or guilt; instinctual unconscious urges direct behavior.

Back 10

Psychodynamic Approach

Front 11

Basis of Personality: Patterns of behaviors are learned through experience with the environment.

Back 11

Behavioral Approach

Front 12

Basis of Personality: Traits organize a person’s responses in characteristic modes.

Back 12

Trait and Type Approaches

Front 13

Basis of Personality: The individual enhances the experiences of life through the process of self actualization.

Back 13

Humanistic Approaches

Front 14

Basis of Personality: Ways of thinking and acting develop in response to a changing environment.

Back 14

Cognitive Approaches

Front 15

Cause of Problems: Conflicts between the id, ego, and super ego, resulting in fixations.

Back 15

Psychodynamic Approach

Front 16

Cause of Problems: Faulty or inappropriate behaviors learned through experience with the environment.

Back 16

Behavioral Approach

Front 17

Cause of Problems: Having learned fault or inappropriate traits.

Back 17

Trait and Type Approaches

Front 18

Cause of Problems: Incongruence between self-concept and ideal self.

Back 18

Humanistic Approaches

Front 19

Cause of Problems: Inappropriate thoughts or faulty reasoning.

Back 19

Cognitive Approaches

Front 20

Development: Five stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital.

Back 20

Psychodynamic Approach

Front 21

Development: Process of learning new responses.

Back 21

Behavioral Approach

Front 22

Development: Genetic factors and learning.

Back 22

Trait and Type Approaches

Front 23

Development: Process of cumulative self actualization and development of sense of self-worth.

Back 23

Humanistic Approaches

Front 24

Development: Process of thinking about new responses.

Back 24

Cognitive Approaches

Front 25

The extent to which people are worried or calm, nervous or at ease, insecure or secure.

Back 25

Neuroticism-stability

Front 26

The extent to which people are social or unsocial, talkative or quiet, affectionate or reserved.

Back 26

Extraversion-introversion

Front 27

The extent to which people are open to experience or closed, independent or conforming, creative or uncreative, daring or timid.

Back 27

Openness to experience

Front 28

The extent to which people are good-natured or irritable, courteous or rude, flexible or stubborn, lenient or critical.

Back 28

Agreeableness-antagonism

Front 29

The extent to which people are reliable or undependable, careful or careless, punctual or late, well organized or disorganized.

Back 29

Conscientious-undirectedness

Front 30

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Back 30

-Self-Actualization Needs
-Esteem Needs
-Love and Belongingness Needs
-Safety/Security Needs
-Physiological Needs

Front 31

In humanistic theory, the highest level of psychological development, in which one strives to realize one’s uniquely human potential to achieve everything one is capable of achieving.

Back 31

Self-actualization

Front 32

A relatively permanent change in an organism that occurs as a result of experiences in the environment.

Back 32

Learning

Front 33

A systematic procedure through which associations and responses to specific stimuli are learned.

Back 33

Conditioning

Front 34

Automatic behavior that occurs involuntarily in response to a stimulus, without prior learning, and usually shows little variability from one instance to another.

Back 34

Reflex

Front 35

Conditioning process in which an originally neutral stimulus, through repeated pairing with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response, comes to elicit a similar or even identical response; AKA Pavlovian conditioning.

Back 35

Classical conditioning

Front 36

A stimulus that normally produces an involuntary response.

Back 36

Unconditioned stimulus

Front 37

An unlearned or involuntary response to an unconditioned stimulus.

Back 37

Unconditioned response

Front 38

A neutral stimulus that, through repeated association with an unconditioned stimulus, begins to elicit a conditioned response.

Back 38

Conditioned stimulus

Front 39

The response elicited by a conditioned stimulus.

Back 39

Conditioned Response

Front 40

Cognitive Diagram

Back 40

<-Learn-><-Personal Factor-><-Environment->

Front 41

Formula for IQ

Back 41

(MA/CA) X 100=IQ

Front 42

Sensitivity to the sounds, rhythms, and meanings of words; sensitivity to the different functions of language.
Exemplar: Poet, Journalist

Back 42

Linguistic

Front 43

Core Components: Sensitivity to and capacity to discern logical or numerical patterns; ability to handle long chains of reasoning.
Exemplar: Scientist, Mathematician

Back 43

Logical-mathematical

Front 44

Core Components: Ability to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch, and timbre; appreciation of the forms of musical expressiveness.
Exemplar: Composer, Violinist

Back 44

Musical

Front 45

Core Components: Capacity to perceive the visual-spatial world accurately and to perform transformations on initial perceptions
Exemplar: Navigator, Sculptor

Back 45

Spatial

Front 46

Core Components: Ability to control bodily movements and to handle objects skillfully.
Exemplar: Dancer, Athlete

Back 46

Bodily-kinesthetic

Front 47

Core Components: Capacity to discern and respond appropriately to the moods, temperaments, motivations, and desires of other people.
Exemplar: Therapist, Salesperson

Back 47

Interpersonal

Front 48

Core Components: Ability to access one’s own feelings and to discriminated among them and draw on them to guide their behavior; knowledge of one’s own strengths, weaknesses, desires, and intelligence.
Exemplar: Person with detailed, accurate self-knowledge.

Back 48

Intrapersonal

Front 49

The ability to both perceive and express emotions in accurate and adaptive ways.

Back 49

Emotional intelligence

Front 50

4 Aspects of Emotional Intelligence

Back 50

1. the ability to perceive emotions in oneself and in others,
2. the ability to use emotions to facilitate thought
3. the ability to understand emotional information and its impact
4. the ability to manage emotions, both one’s own and those of others