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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Brain Lesion |
Removing/damaging pieces of the brain |
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Cerebral cortex |
Interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and info processing center |
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Glial cells |
Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons |
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Frontal Lobe |
Lays just behind forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements, planning, personality, reason |
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Brain stem |
Where the spinal cord swells and enters the skull; controlled survival (autonomic) functions like breathing |
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Parietal lobes |
Lays at top of head and towards rear; spatial abilities |
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Occipital Lobes |
Lays at back of head; receives info from visual fields |
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Temporal Lobes |
Lays roughly above ears; controls hearing, speech comprehension, taste |
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Thalamus |
Information relay center; every sense except smell goes through and then transfers somewhere else |
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Cerebellum |
"Little brain"; attached to rear of brain stem; important for fluid accurate movement |
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Limbic system |
Includes hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus; controls emotions |
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Hypothalamus |
Sense of reward; eating, drinking, and body temp |
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Motor Cortex |
Back of the frontal lobe and is a contra lateral system; controls movement |
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Sensory Cortex |
Front of parietal lobe; sense of touch processing |
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Association areas |
Areas of cerebral cortex involved in higher mental functions like learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking |
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Neurogenesis |
Formation of new neurons |
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Corpus Callosum |
Carries messages between the brain hemispheres |
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Behavior Genetics |
Study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior |
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Heritability |
The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes |
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Epigenetics |
The study of influences on gene expression that occur without DNA change |
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Order of Prenatal Development |
Zygote ▶️ embryo ▶️ fetus |
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Teratogens |
Anything that causes harm to the fetus during prenatal development |
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Habituation (in newborns) |
Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation; shows learning |
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Maturation |
Orderly sequence of biological growth |
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Schema |
A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information |
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Assimilation |
Interprets new experiences in terms of our existing schemas |
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Accommodation |
Adapting current schemas to incorporate new information |
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Sensorimotor stafe |
Birth to about 2 years; experiencing the world through senses and actions; develop object permanence and stranger anxiety |
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Preoperarional stage |
About 2 years to about 6 or 7; represent things with words and pictures, use intuitive thinking instead of logical; pretend play and ego centrism |
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Concrete Operational stage |
7 to 11; Thinking logically, conservation |
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Formal operational stage |
12 through adulthood; abstract reasoning, potential for mature moral reasoning |
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Conservation |
The principle that properties like mass, volume and number stay the same despite changes in form |
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Menarche |
First menstrual period |
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Transduction |
The transforming of stimulus such as sights, sounds and smells into neural impulses our brain can interpret |
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Psychophysics |
The study of the relationship between the physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience of them |
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Absolute Threshhold |
When a stimuli is first detected |
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Signal detection theory |
Theory that there is no single absolute threshhold and that detection depends on the person |
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Subliminal |
Below the absolute threshhold for conscious awareness |
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Priming |
The activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations |
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Difference Threshhold |
Just noticeable difference between two stimuli |
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Weber's Law |
The principle that in order for two stimuli to be perceived as different they must differ by a minimum of a given percentage; light 8%, weight 2%, tone 3% |
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Simultanagnosia |
Failure of the gastalt (seeing things as whole) |