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44 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Psychology

The science of behavior and mental processes

Experimental psychologist

Psychologists who do research on basic psychological processes - as contrasted with applied psychologists. Experimental psychologists are also called research psychologists

Teachers of psychology

Psychologist whose primary job is teaching, typically and high schools, colleges, and universities

Applied psychologists

Psychologist who use the knowledge developed by experimental psychologist s to solve your own problems

Psychiatry

Medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders

Pseudo psychology

Erroneous assertions or practices set forth as being scientific psychology

Critical thinking skills

What is the source? Is the claim reasonable or extreme? What is the evidence? Could bias contaminate the conclusion? Does the reasoning avoid common fallacies? Does the issue require multiple perspectives?

Anecdotal evidence

First hand accounts that vividly describe the experience of one or a few people, but may erroneously be assumed to be scientific evidence

Emotional bias

The tendency to make judgements based on attitudes and feelings, rather than on the basis of rational analysis of the evidence

Confirmation bias

The tendency to attend to evidence that complement and confirms our beliefs expectations, while ignoring evidence that does not

Biological perspective

The psychological perspective that searches for the causes of behavior in the functioning of genes, the brain and nervous system, and the endocrine or hormonal system

Neuroscience

The field devoted to understanding how the brain creates thoughts, feelings, motives, consciousness, memories, and other mental processes

Evolutionary psychology

Inevitably new specialty in psychology that sees behavior and mental processes in terms of their genetic adaptations for survival and reproduction

Introspection

The process of reporting on one's own conscious mental experience

Structuralism

Historical school psychology devoted to uncovering the basic structures that make up mind and thought.

Functionalism

Historical school of psychology that believed mental processes can be best understood in terms of their adaptive purpose and function

Necker Cube

An ambiguous two-dimensional figure of a cube that can be seen from different perspective

Cognitive perspective

Another of the main psychological viewpoints distinguished by an emphasis on mental processes, such as learning, memory, perception, and thinking, as forms of information processing

Behaviorism

Historical school as well as a modern perspective what has Sause to make psychology and objective science by focusing only on behavior - to the exclusion of mental processes

Behavioral perspective

Psychological viewpoint that finds the source of our actions and environmental stimuli rather than an in their mental processes

Psychodynamic psychology

The clinical approach emphasizing the understanding of mental disorders and terms of unconscious needs, desires, memories, and conflicts

Psychoanalysis

An approach to psychology based on Sigmund Freud's assertions, which emphasize unconscious processes. The term is used to refer broadly to pose to Freud's psychoanalytic theory into the psychoanalytic treatment method

Whole person perspective

A group of psychological perspectives that take a global view of the person: included are psychodynamic psychology, humanistic psychology psychology, and trait and temperament psychology

Humanistic psychology

A clinical approach emphasizing human ability, growth, potential, and free will

Trait and temperament psychology

A psychological perspective that views behavior and personality of the products of enduring psychological characteristics

Developmental perspective

One of the six main psychological viewpoints, distinguished by its emphasis on nature and nurture and unpredictable changes that occur across the lifespan

Sociocultural perspective

I'm a psychological viewpoint emphasizing the importance of social interaction, social learning, and culture in explaining human behavior

Culture

A complex blend of language, beliefs, customs, values, and traditions developed by a group of people and shared with others in the same environment

Cross cultural psychology

Go to work in the specialty I'm interested in how psychological processes may differ among people of different cultures

What questions can scientific method not answer

Questions based on Essex, values, morality, preferences, aesthetics, existential issues, religion, and law

Scientific method

A four step process for empirical investigation of the hypothesis under conditions designed to control biases and subjective judgments

Empirical investigation

An approach to research that relies on sensory experience and observation as research data

Theory

A testable explanation for a set of facts or observations. In science of theory is not just speculation or a guest

Hypothesis

A statement predicting the outcome of a scientific study: a statement predicting the relationship among variables in a study

Operational definition

Objective descriptions of concepts involved in a scientific study. May restate concepts to be studied in behavioural terms. Also specify the procedures used to produce and measure important variables under investigation

Replicate

Refers to doing a study of over to see whether the same results are obtained.

Experiment

A kind of research in which the researcher controls all the conditions and directly manipulates the conditions, including the independent variable

Independent variable

A stimulus condition so named because the experimental changes it independently of all the other carefully controlled experimental conditions

Dependent variable

The measured outcome of our study: the response of the subjects in a study

Experimental group

Participants in an experiment who are exposed to the treatment of interest

Control group

Participants who are used as a comparison for the experimental group. The control group is not given the special treatment of interest

Random assignment

A process used to assign individuals to various experimental conditions by chance alone

Correlational study

A form of research in which the relationship between variables of studies, but without the experimental manipulation of an independent variable. Correlational studies cannot determine cause and effect relationships

Naturalistic observation

A form of descriptive research involving behavioral assessment of people or animals in their natural