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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Intelligence |
Overall capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and adapt to one's surroundings |
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G-factor |
General ability factor proposed to underlie intelligence; core of general intellectual ability that involves reasoning, problem solving, ability, knowledge, and memory |
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Operational definition |
Used to measure a concept (intelligence test) |
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Aptitude |
Capacity for learning certain abilities |
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Special aptitude test |
Test to predict a person's likelihood of succeeding in a particular area of work or skill |
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Multiple aptitude test |
Test that measures two or more aptitudes |
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General intelligence test |
Test that measures a wide variety of mental abilities |
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Psychometric tests |
Any measurement of a person's mental functions |
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Reliability |
Ability of a test to yield the same score, or nearly the same score, each time it is given to the same person |
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Validity |
Ability of a test to measure what it purports to measure |
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Objective test |
Test that gives the same score when different people correct it |
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Norm |
Average score for a designated group of people |
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Test standardization |
Establishing standards for administering a test and interpreting scores- standard procedure used in giving test, individual scores are compared to norms for whom test was designed |
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Mental age |
Average mental ability displayed by people of a given age |
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Normal curve |
Bell shaped curve characterized by a large number of scores in a middle area, tapering to very few extremely high and low scores |
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Deviation IQ |
IQ obtained statically from a persons relative standing in his or her age group |
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Fluid intelligence |
Ability to solve novel problems involving perceptual speed or rapid insight |
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Crystallized intelligence |
Ability to solve problems using already acquired knowledge |
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Chronological age |
Actual age of person |
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Intelligence quotient |
Index of intelligence defined as a person's mental age divided by his or her chronological age and multiplied by 100 |
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IQ |
Not dependable until age 6 |
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Standord-Binet |
5th edition, widely used individual intelligence test, items are age ranked: fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual spatial processing, working memory |
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WAIS-IV and WISC-IV |
4th edition, adults and children ; single overall intelligence score, separate score for performance intelligence, separate score for verbal intelligence |
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IQ ranges |
90-109 is average, 110-119 is bright normal, 120-129 is superior, and above 130 is very superior |
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Gifted children |
Score above 130 on IQ test or have special talents and abilities ( play Mozart at age 5) |
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Intellectual disability |
Presence of a developmental disability, formal IQ score below 70, and a significant impairment of adaptive behavior |
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Familial intellectual disability |
Mild intellectual disability associated with homes that are intellectually, nutritionally, and emotionally impoverished. Accounts for 30%-40% of cases |
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Organic intellectual disability |
Physical disorder : birth injuries, fetal damage, metabolic disorder, genetic abnormalities |
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Down syndrome |
Genetic disorder caused by presence of an extra 21st chromosome, results in intellectual disability , most common, occurs in 1/800 babies, genetic but not hereditary |
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Fragile X syndrome |
Genetic form of intellectual disability caused by a defect in the X Chromosome, second most common, occurs 1/3800, males have long thin faces with big ears and ADHD, gets worse as an adult |
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Twin study |
Comparison of the characteristics of twins who were raised together or separated at birth, used to identify the relative impact of hereditary and environment: IQ of identical twins is more similar than of fraternal twins |
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Neural intelligence |
Innate speed and efficiency of a person's brain and nervous system |
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Experiential intelligence |
Specialized knowledge and skills acquired through learning and experience |
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Reflective intelligence |
Ability to become aware of one's own thinking habits |
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Multiple intelligence |
Howard Gardners theory that there are several specialized types of intellectual ability |
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Multiple intelligence areas |
Language - linguistic abilities, logic and math - numeric abilities, visual spatial and music - pictorial and musical abilities, kinesthetic - physical abilities, intrapersonal - self knowledge, interpersonal - social abilities, and naturalistic- ability to understand natural environment |
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Culture fair test |
Test designed to minimize the importance of skills and knowledge that may be more common in some cultures than in others |
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Wisdom |
You can be intelligent without being wise; mixture of convergent thinking , intelligence, reason, and spiced with creativity and originality; approach life with openness and tolerance; intelligence reflects development as well as potential, nurture as well as nature |
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Intelligent nervous system |
How fast people process information |