Psychology-- Chapter 3-- Prenatal Development And Birth

Front 1

Chromosomes

Back 1

Strings of genetic material in nuclei of cells

Front 2

Gametes

Back 2

Cells that unite at conception (ova in females; sperm in males)

Front 3

Zygote

Back 3

A single cell created when a sperm and ova unite

Front 4

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Back 4

Chemical material that makes up chromosomes and genes

Front 5

Genes

Back 5

Pieces of genetic material that control of influence traits

Front 6

Gonads

Back 6

Sex glands (ovaries in females; testes in males)

Front 7

Genotype

Back 7

The unique genetic blueprint of each individual

Front 8

Phenotype

Back 8

An individual's particular set of observed characteristics

Front 9

Dominant-recessive pattern

Back 9

A pattern of inheritance in which a single dominant gene influences a person's phenotype but two recessive genes are necessary to produce an associated trait

Front 10

Polygenic inheritance

Back 10

A pattern of inheritance in which many genes influence a traint

Front 11

Multifactorial inheritance

Back 11

Inheritance affected by both genes and the environment

Front 12

Cephalocaudal pattern

Back 12

Growth that proceeds from the head downward

Front 13

Proximodistal pattern

Back 13

Growth that proceeds from the middle of the body outward

Front 14

Germination stage

Back 14

The first stage of prenatal development, beginning at conception and ending at implantation (approximately 2 weeks)

Front 15

Implantation

Back 15

Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine wall

Front 16

Placenta

Back 16

A specialized organ that allows substances to be transferred from mother to embryo and from embryo to mother, without mixing blood

Front 17

Umbilical cord

Back 17

An organ that connects the embryo to the placenta

Front 18

Amnion

Back 18

A fluid filled sac in which the fetus floats until just before it is born

Front 19

Embryonic stage

Back 19

The second stage of prenatal development, from week 2 week 8, during which the embryo organ systems form

Front 20

Neurons

Back 20

Specialized cells of the nervous system

Front 21

Organogenesis

Back 21

The process of organ development

Front 22

Fetal stage

Back 22

The third stage of prenatal development, from week 9 to birth, during which growth and organ refinement take place

Front 23

Viability

Back 23

The ability of the fetus to survive outside the womb

Front 24

Cell body

Back 24

The part of a nueron that contains the nucleus and is the site of vital cell functions

Front 25

Synapses

Back 25

Tiny spaces across which neural impulses flow from one neuron to the next

Front 26

Axons

Back 26

Tail like extensions of neurons

Front 27

Dendrites

Back 27

Branch like protrusions from the cell bodies of neurons

Front 28

Glial cells

Back 28

The "glue" that holds neurons together to give form to the structures of the nervous system

Front 29

Teratogens

Back 29

Substances, such as viruses and drugs, that can cause birth defects

Front 30

Cesarean section (c-section)

Back 30

Delivery of an infant through incisions in the abdominal and uterine walls

Front 31

anoxia

Back 31

Oxygen deprivation experienced by a fetus during labor and / or delivery

Front 32

Low birth weight (LBW)

Back 32

Newborn weight below 5.5 pounds