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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Psychological disorder |
A significant dysfunction in a person's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors |
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Medical model |
The concept that diseases, psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured m, often through treatment in a hospital |
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DSM-IV-TR |
The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, with an updated "text revision"; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders |
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Anxiety disorders |
Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety |
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Obsessive compulsive disorder |
An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both |
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Mood disorders |
Psychological disorders characterized by emotion extremes |
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Major depressive disorder |
A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods or diminished interest or pleasure in most activities, along with at least four other symptoms. |
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Bipolar disorder |
A mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania |
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Schizophrenia |
A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and behaviors. |
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Dissociative disorders |
Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings |
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Dissociative identity disorder |
A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. |
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Anorexia nervosa |
An eating disorder in which a person maintains starvation diet diet despite being significantly underweight. |
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Bulimia nervosa |
An eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating with purging or fasting |
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Personality disorders |
Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning |
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Psychotherapy |
Treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth |
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Eclectic approach |
An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy |
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Psychodynamic therapy |
Therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight |
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Insight therapies |
A variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing in a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses |
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Client-centered therapy |
A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate client's growth |
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Active listening |
Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restated, and clarifies. |
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Unconditional positive regard |
A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance |
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Behavior therapy |
Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors |
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Systematic desensitization |
A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias |
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Aversive conditioning |
A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol) |
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Token economy |
An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desire behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats |
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Cognitive therapy |
Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions |
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy |
A popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior) |
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Evidence-based practice |
Clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences. |
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Psychopharmacology |
The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior |
