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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality
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an individuals unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
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Personality theory
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A theory that attempts to describe and explain similarities and differences in people's patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
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Sigmund Freud's Personality theory Psychoanalysis
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which emphasizes unconscious determinants of behavior, sexual and aggressive instinctual drives, and the enduring effects of early childhood experiences on later personality development.
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3 levels of awareness
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conscious, preconscious, unconscious.
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Conscious
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all the thoughts, feelings, sensations that we are aware of in this moment.
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Precociousness
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Contains information that you're not currently aware of but can easily bring to conscious awareness such as memories of recent events.
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Unconscious
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Not directly aware of thoughts, feelings, wishes, and drives.
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Id
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The completely unconscious, irrational component of personality that seeks immediate satisfaction of instinctual urges and drives; ruled by the pleasure principle.
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Ego
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The partly conscious rational component of personality that regulates thoughts and behavior, and is most in touch with the demands of the external world.
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Superego
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the partly conscious, self-evaluative, moralistic component of personality that is formed through the internalization of parental and societal rules.
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Libido
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the psychological and emotional energy associated with expressions of sexuality; the sex drive.
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Thanatos
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The death instinct, reflected in aggressive, destructive, and self-destructive actions.
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Ego Defense Mechanism
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Largely unconscious distortions of thoughts or preceptions that act to reduce anxiety.
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Repression
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The unconscious exclusion of anxiety-provoking thoughts, feelings, and memories from conscious awareness; the most fundamental ego defense mechanism.
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Sublimation
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Involves redirecting sexual urges toward productive, socially acceptable, non sexual acitivities; form of displacement.
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Psycho sexual stages
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age-relates developmental periods in which a child's sexual urges are focused on different areas of the body and are expressed through the activities associcated with those areas.
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Birth to age 1
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Oral, putting things in mouth
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Ages 1-3
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anal, develops control over elimination
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Ages 3 to 6
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Phallic, genitals, child masturbates and sexual attraction to the opposite sex-parent
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Ages 7 to 11
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Latency, sexual impulses are repressed
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Adolescence
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Genital, sexual maturity, seeks satisfaction in heteralsexual relationships
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Oedipal Complex
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The childs unconscious sexual desire for the opposite-sex parent, usually accompanied by hostile feelings towards the same sex parent.
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Criticisms of Freud
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Disagreement that behavior was motivated by sexual urges, personality od fundamentally determined by early childhood experiences, disagreed with his pessmistic view of human nature and society
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Humanisitic Psychology
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The theoretical viewpoint on personality that genreally emphasizes the inherent goodness of people, human potential, self-actualization, the self-concept, and healthy personality development.
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Carl Rogers Personality Theory
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humanisitc approach, basic human motive is the actualizing tendency, refers to his clients are patients.
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Actualizing tendency
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the innate drive to maintain and enhance the human organism.
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Conditional Positive Regard
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The sense that you will be valued and loved only if you behave in a way that is acceptable to others; conditional love or acceptance.
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Unconditional Positive Regard
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The sense that you will be valued and loved even if you dont conform to the standards and expectations of others; unconditional love or acceptance.
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Criticisms of Humanistic personality
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they are are to validate or test scientifically and that it is too optimistic.
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Contributions
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psychotherapy, counseling, education, and parenting, also prompted studies of healthy personality and creativity.
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Social Cognitive Personality Theory
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Albert Bandura's theory of personality, which emphasizes the importance of observational learning, conscious cognitive processes, social experiences, self-efficacy beliefs, and reciprocal determinism.
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Reciprocal Determinism
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Human behavior is caused by the interaction of behvaioral, cognitive, and environmental factors.
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Self-Efficacy
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belief in ability to succeed at a particular task
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Strengths of Social Congitive Persepectives
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Built on reseaching learning, they are testable, major impact on the study of personality.
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Weaknesses of Social Congitive persepectives
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ignores the inconcious influences, emotions, or conflicts, focuses on very limited areas of personality.
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Trait theories of personality
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A theory of personality that focuses on identifying, describing, and measuring individual differences in behavioral predispositions.
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Trait
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a relatively stable, enduring predisposition to consistently behave in a certain way.
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Surface Traits
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Personality characteristics or attributes that can easily be inferred from observable behavior.
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Source Traits
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The most fundamental dimensions of personality; the broad, basic traits that are hyporthesized to be universal and relatively few in number.
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Raymond Cattell 16 factors
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represented the essential source traits of human personality, to meausure traits he developed a test called 16PF.
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Hans Eysenck 3 Factors
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introversion/extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism.
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Introversion
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not seek out stimulation environments
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Extraversion
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Seek out stimulating enviorments
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Neuroticism
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Emotional stability
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Psychoticism
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antisocial, cold
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Five factor model of personality
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extraversion, neuroticism,openness to experiences, agreeableness, conscientiousness.
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Genetic Influences on traits
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an interdisciplinary field that studies the effects of genes and heredity on behavior.
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Strenghts of trait theories of personality
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psychologists agree that people can be described and compared im the terms of basic personality traits.
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Weaknesses of trait theories
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theory doesnt explain human personality, dont attempt to explain why there is a variance in personalities, fails to address other important personality theories.
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Projective Test
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a type of personality test that involves a person's interpreting an ambiguous image; used to assess unconscious motives, conflicts, psychological defenses, and personalty traits.
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Self-report inventory
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a type of psychological test in which a person's responses to standardized questions are compared to established norms.
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