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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The process involved in forming a new mental representation by manipulating available information is known as ____________________
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THINKING
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________________ refers to the odd feeling of recognition that you get when you visit a new place.
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DEJA VU
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If a child decides to scream in a toy store for a new toy because this worked in the past, the child is demonstrating ________________________
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CONCEPT FORMATION
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The brain region believed to be associated with common sense, intuition, and the emotional component of thinking is located in the ________________________
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FRONTAL LOBES JUST ABOVE THE EYES
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A person whose frontal lobes are damaged (just above the eyes) will be expected to ____________________
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DISPLAY LITTLE EMOTION
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A heuristic is BEST described as a ___________________
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RULE OF THUMB
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Working backward, searching for analogies, and breaking a problem down into smaller parts are all examples of _________________
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HEURISTIC STRATEGIES
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You believe that a test is going to turn out badly, but then you get an A on the test. If you then tell friends that you knew all alone that you would do well on the test, you are showing ______________________
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HINDSIGHT BIAS
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Most psychologists view creativity as a form of _______________________
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INTELLIGENCE
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What group of people were often labeled "morons" by early intelligence tests because they had limited English skills?
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IMMIGRANTS TO THE UNITED STATES
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A key problem with Terman's original formula for computing IQs is that it _____________________________?
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MADE IT SEEM AS IF PEOPLE GROW LESS INTELLIGENT WITH AGE
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Howard Gardner claimed that people may have as many as _____________ separate mental abilities?
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10 (TEN)
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According to Sternberg, Picasso would score high in ____________________ intelligence
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CREATIVE
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According to Sternberg, your college grades would affect your ___________________ intelligence?
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ANALYTICAL
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Interpersonal intelligence is to intrapersonal intelligence as ____________________
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OTHERS ARE TO SELF
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Robert Sternberg would say that a person who does not do well in school in spite of having a lot of "street smarts" has much ______________________?
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PRACTICAL INTELLIGENCE
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Cattell would argue that a person who can name all seven dwarves possesses _____________________ intelligence?
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CRYSTALLIZED
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Einstein would be considered to be _____________ in _______________ intelligence?
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HIGH, FLUID
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Charles Spearman argued that individual differences in intelligence were _____________ determined
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INNATELY
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One of the reasons that people use algorithms is that these will always _________________ if used properly?
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WORK
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The key components of ______________ are feelings, behavioral expression, and psychological arousal.
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EMOTION
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_______________ is an arousal state that is adaptive for coping with important emergency situations
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EMOTION
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______________ argued that some simple emotional expressions cross species boundaries
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DARWIN
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Robert Plutchnik's ________________ ____________ proposes that four pairs of opposite emotions are the basis for all other emotions.
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"EMOTION WHEEL"
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Cross-cultural studies of emotional expression show that emotional intensity is not different between __________________
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THE SEXES
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When a person is depressed after the loss of a favorite pet this part of the brain is mos likely involved
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THE RIGHT HEMISPHERE OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
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Damage to the amygdala would be expected to ______________?
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BLUNT FEAR (DECREASE OR ELIMINATE FEAR)
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The __________________ is important for arousing the brain during a crisis
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RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM
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The __________________ nervous system prepares the body to cope with a dangerous situation
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SYMPATHETIC
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A person whose job is dirty, exhausting, and dangerous may be under severe stress because their _____________ is constantly being activated
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EMERGENCY RESPONSE
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Serotonin is to _________________ as norepinephrine is to anger?
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DEPRESSION
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Studies to test the two-factor theory have shown that _________ is more likely in a complex environment
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MISATTRIBUTION
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________________ proposed that emotion and cognition are intertwined and that changing our cognitions can help reduce emotions that are self-defeating?
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RICHARD LAZARUS
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A person who is a _______________ has a high desire for excitement
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SENSATION SEEKER
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A person who has a high level of ____________________ can easily hide their emotions?
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EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
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A person who is trying to hide their true feelings will become more ___________
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AROUSED
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A person who is attempting to deceive others would do well to remember that the ___________________ is/are easier to control than are _______________
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FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, BODILY ACTIONS
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_______________ can help us understand why organisms continue to perform reliably, even under difficult circumstances
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MOTIVATION
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Motivation does not always effect _______________ _____________?
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CONSCIOUS THOUGHT
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__________________ is a form of morivation that plays an important role in survival and reproduction?
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DRIVE
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______________ refers to the emotional arousal created by environmental change and threat?
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STRESS
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A challenging or threatening situation is termed a(n) ______________________
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STRESSOR
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A loud noise at the front door of your apartment at 3am is a(n)___________________________; the changes in your perspiration level is termed ______________________
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STRESSOR; STRESS
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________________ is the process by which the body attempts to adjust to a stressor
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ADAPTATION
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During the alarm reaction to a stressor, the hypothalamus triggers an emergency response in the _________________ _______________?
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ADRENAL GLANDS
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This stage features a reappearance of the alarm reaction symptoms?
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STAGE OF EXHAUSTION
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The "straw that broke the camel's back" is most likely to occur during what stage?
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STAGE OF RESISTANCE
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The stress endured by a person whose relationship is ended by death or divorce can produce_____________ and ________________.
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IMMUNOSUPPRESSION and DEPRESSION
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________________ refers to the diminished effectiveness of the immune response.
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IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
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After Cecilia's husband died, she has been feeling very depressed. Her depression is likely due to __________________
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IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
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_________________ is a major source of stress for college students.
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THE LACK OF STRUCTURE ASSOCIATED WITH THE FREEDOM OF COLLEGE
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A person who has the Type A behavior pattern is more likely to develop ___________________ __________________ disease.
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CORONARY HEART (DISEASE)
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Stomach disorders, head colds, mononucleosis, and allergies occur more often in people described as __________ personalities.
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TYPE A
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_________________ refers to the capacity to adapt and acheive well-being in spite of serious threats to development
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RESILIENCE
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A person who uses the ______________ strategy of stress management is reducing ______________
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DEFENDING, THE SYMPTOMS OF STRESS
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The situation in which a person is better able to cope with stress when other people provide helpful resources is called __________________ support
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SOCIAL
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According to Martin Seligman, optimists have a ________________ response to setbacks and tragedies than do pessimists
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HEALTHIER RESPONSE
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This aspect of personality is associated with fewer physical symptoms of illness.
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OPTIMISM
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An example of _______ __________ would be the situation in which a person who is stressed about public speaking imagines the audience dressed only in their underwear.
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COGNITIVE REAPPRAISAL
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Margaret Sanger is best known for her attempts to develop what?
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ORAL BIRTH CONTROL PILLS
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According to the text, a key aspect of personality is it's ________________ quality.
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CONTINUOUS
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_______________ is defined as the unique qualities and distinctive behavior patterns of an individual across time and situations.
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PERSONALITY
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Conversion disorder was referred to as _______________, in the 1800's.
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HYSTERIA
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What is the central assumption of all psychodynamic theories?
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MOST OF AN INDIVIDUAL'S PERSONALITY IS GOVERNED BY UNCONSCIOUS FORCES.
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According to freud, the __________________ is the source of powerful impulses, drives, and conflicts of which we are unaware.
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UNCONSCIOUS
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The personality of a child who is fixated in the anal stage, is marked by tendencies to be excessively _____________.
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CLEAN
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According to Freud, a male child who is experiencing the Oedipus complex is most likely to identify with his __________________
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FATHER
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__________________ is the ego defense mechanism that functions to exclude unacceptable feelings from consciousness
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REPRESSION
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________________ occurs when you yell at your dog after receiving an "F" on a term paper.
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DISPLACEMENT
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Jung's concept of the personal unconscious most resembles the concept of the _______________.
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ID
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Jung disagreed with Freud's overemphasis on _________________ and Freud's failure to consider ________________
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SEXUALITY; SPIRITUALITY
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Karen Horney believed that male/female differences are often due to _______________ ____________ roles.
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SOCIALLY DEFINED
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_____________ sometimes conflics with the need for social approval
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SELF-ACTUALIZATION
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A psychologist who gives their clients a brochure entitled "Personal Growth and Making Life Improvements" is likely to have a(n) _______________________ orientation.
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HUMANISTIC
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_____________ analysis is NOT associated with Carl Rogers
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DREAM
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Person-centered therapy, Fully-functioning person, unconditional positive regard, and the humanistic approach are all associated with what person?
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CARL ROGERS
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A key criticism of the humanistic approach is ________________.
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IT WAS QUITE DIFFICULT TO TEST OBJECTIVELY
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The fact that people can learn new behaviors through observation of others is a key concept of ________________'s personality theory.
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BANDURA
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A person with a sanguine temperment would be said to have __________________ and would be expected to show _______________
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WARM BLOOD; CHEER
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The believe that personality is fixed and static is a serious criticism of which type of personality theories?
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TRAIT THEORIES
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