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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Simple sugar that provides energy and is primarily produced by the conversion of carbohydrates and fats; commonly called blood sugar.
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glucose
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Hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood levels of glucose and signals the hypothalamus, regulating hunger and eating behavior.
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insulin
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When the body is at rest, that rate at which it uses energy for vital functions, such as heartbeat and respiration.
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basal metabolic rate (BMR)
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Body fat that is the main source of stored, or reserve, energy.
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adipose tissue
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The long-term matching of food intake to energy expenditure.
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energy homeostasis
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Hormone manufactured primarily by the stomach that stimulates appetite and the secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland.
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ghrelin
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In eating behavior, he anticipated pleasure of consuming a particular food; in general, the expectation of pleasure or satisfaction in performing a particular behavior.
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positive incentive value
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In eating behavior, the feeling of fullness and diminished desire to eat that accompanies eating a meal; in general, that sensation of having an appetite or desire fully or excessively satisfied.
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satiation
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Hormone secreted primarily by the small intestine that promotes satiation; also found in the brain.
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cholecystokinin (CCK)
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The reduced desire to continue consuming a particular food.
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sensory-specific satiety
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Hormone produced by fat cells that signals the hypothalamus, regulating hunger and eating behavior.
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leptin
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Neurotransmitter found in several brain areas, most notably the hypothalamus, that stimulates eating behavior and reduces metabolism, promoting positive energy balance and weight gain.
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neuropeptide (NPY)
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Theory that proposes that humans and other animals have a natural or optimal body weight, called the _set point weight_ , that the body defends from becoming higher or lower by regulating feelings of hunger and metabolism.
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set-point theory
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General model of weight regulation suggesting that body weight settles, or stabilizes, around the oint at which there is a blance between the factors influencing energy intake and energy expenditure.
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settling-point models of weight regulation
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A numerical scale indicating adult height in realtion to weight.
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body mass index (BMI)
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Condition characterized by excessive body fat and a body mass index equal to or greater than 30.0.
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obese
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The tendency to eat more when a wide variety of palatable foods is available.
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cafeteria diet effect
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A condition in which higher-than-normal blood levels of the hormone leptin do not produce the expected physiological weight.
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leptin resistance
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Repeated cycles of dieting, weight loss, and weight regain; also called _yo-yo dieting_.
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weight cycling
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A category of mental disorders characterized by severe disturbances in eating behavior.
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eating disorder
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An eating disorder characterized by excessive weight loss, an irrational fear of gaining weight, and distorted body perception.
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anorexia nervosa
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An eating disorder characterized by binges of extreme overeating followed by self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, or other inappropriate methods to purge the excessive food and prevent weight gain.
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bulemia nervosa
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