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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stages of pregnancy?
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Germinal Period
Embyonic Period Fetal Period |
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Germinal Period?
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2 week period between conception and implantation
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Embryonic Period?
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6 weeks, until 18th week of pregnancy
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Fetal Period?
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lasts until birth
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teratogen
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environmental agents--such as disease organisms or drugs--that can potentially damage the developing embryo or fetus
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What stage of pregnancy does sexual differentiation occur?
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embryonic period
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What hormone in females triggers the adolescent growth growth spurt?
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estrogens
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What hormone in males triggers the adolescent growth spurt?
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androgens
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conservation?
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the ability to recognize that the physical properties of an object remain the same, despite the changes in physical appearance
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accomodation?
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changing or modifying existing schemata to accomodate new experiences as they occur
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What are the stages of Piaget's cognitive development?
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Stage 1: Sensorimotor Period
Stage 2: Preoperational Period Stage 3: Concrete Operational Period Stage 4: Formal Operational Period |
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Sensorimotor Period?
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Stage 1/ birth-2 yrs:
-schemata about the world revolve primarily around sensory & motor abilities -child develops object permanence, learns how to control body, vocalize, & first words -schemata are linked primarily to simple sensory & motor function, problems in thinking about absent objects (early) |
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Preoperational Period?
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Stage 2/2-7 yrs:
-schemata grow in sophistication, children can think about absent objects & can use one object to stand for another -children readily symbolize objects, & imaginary play is common, great strides in language development -children are prelogical, they fail to understand conservation, due to centration & a failure to understand reversiblity, childre show egocentricity in thinking |
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Concrete Operational Period?
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Stage 3/7-11 yrs:
-children gain the capacity for true mental operations, i.e., verbalizing , visualizing, mental manipulation -child understands reversibility & other simple logical operations like categorizing & ordering -mental operations remain concrete, tied to actual objects in the real world, difficulty with problems that do not flow from everyday experience |
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Formal Operational Period?
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Stage 4/11-adulthood:
-mastery is gained over abstract thinking -adolescents can think & answer questions in general & abstract ways -no limitations, development of reasoning is complete, however, not all reach this stage |
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object permanence?
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objects continue to exist even though they are out of sight
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what age do girls/boys experience the adolescent growth spurt?
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girls- 11
boys- 13 |
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assimilation?
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fitting new information into existing schemata
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three types of attachment (Mary Ainsworth's research)?
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secure attachment
resistance attachment avoidant attachment |
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secure attachment?
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With the parent present, even if the situation is new & strange, these children play happily & are likely to explore the room looking for interesting toys or magazines to shred
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resistant attachment?
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these children react to stress in an ambiguous way, which may indicate a lack of trust for the parent (refuse to leave the mother's side & explore room & does not deal well with sudden appearance of strangers)
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avoidant attachment?
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show no strong attachment to the mother in any aspect of the strange situation test (not bothered by appearance of strangers, show no concern when mother leaves room or much interest when she returns)
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strange situation test?
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how infant responds to parent in stressful situation
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what are the stages of death? what is the person most likely to say during each stage?
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1.denial: "There must be a terrible mistake"
2.anger: "Why is this happening to me" 3.Bargaining: "What can I do to stop this" 4.Depression: "Blot out the sun because all is lost" 5.Acceptance: "I'm ready to die" |
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What are the three levels of Kohlberg's moral development?
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Preconventional
Conventional Post Conventional |
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Erikson Psychosocial Stages:
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birth to 1
1 to 3 3 to 6 6 to 12 adolescence young adulthood middle adulthood late adulthood |
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birth to 1?
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Trust v. Mistrust: developing sense of trust in others...Will the people around me fulfill my needs?
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1 to 3?
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Autonomy v. Shame & Doubt: developing a sense of self-control; "terrible twos"...Am I in charge of my own actions?
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3 to 6?
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Initiative v. Guilt: developing a sense of one's own drive & initiative...Can I carry out plans? Should I feel guilty about trying to carry out plans?
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6 to 12?
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Industry v. Inferiority: developing a sense of personal ability & competence...Can I learn and develop new skills?
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Adolescence?
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Identity v. Role Confusion: developing a single, unified concept of self, a sense of personal identity...Who am I?
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Young Adulthood?
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Intimacy v. Isolation: questioning the meaning of our relationship with others...Can I form a committed relationship with another person, or will my personal insecurities lead to isolation?
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Middle Adulthood?
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Generativity v. Stagnation: Concern over whether one has contributed to the success of children and future generations...Have I contributed to the community at large?
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Late Adulthood?
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Integrity v. Despair: acceptance of one's life--successes & failures...Am I content, looking back on my life?
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consciousness?
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subjective awareness of internal and external stimuli
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attention?
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the internal processes people use to set priorities for mental functioning
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visual neglect?
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tendency to ignore things that appear on one side of the body usually the left
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attention deficit disorder?
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difficulty concentrating and sustaining attention; can be associated with hyperactivity
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circadian rhythm?
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biological activities that rise and fall in accordance with a 24-hour cycle
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Stage 1 of sleep?
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Theta Waves...irregular, breathing slows, light sleep, easily awakened, lasts about 2 minutes, may have sensory experience w/o stimulus
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Stage 2 of sleep?
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Sleep Spindles/K complex...about 20 minutes long, characterized by sleep spindles and mixed EEG activity, brain sensitive to external events
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Stage 3 & 4 of sleep?
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Delta Waves...about 30 minutes long, hard to awaken
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REM stage of sleep?
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sawtooth waves...deep stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movement, high frequency brain waves & dreaming
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Why is REM sleep called paradoxical sleep?
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because the EEG resembles waking pattern, but the person is deeply asleep, and its easier to awaken than other stages
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depressants?
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tend to decrease central nervous system activation & behavioral activity (alcohol, barbiturates, & tranquilizers)
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stimulants?
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tend to increase central nervous system activation & behavioral activity (amphetamine, cocaine, & caffeine)
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Opiates?
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depress nervous system activity; reduce anxiety, elevate mood, lower sensitivity to pain (opium, morphine, heroin)
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drug tolerance?
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means the body has adapted to the presence of the drug over time
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drug dependency?
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physical or pyschological need for continued use of drug
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insomnia?
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a chronic condition marked by difficulties in intiating or maintaining sleep, lasting for a period of at least one month
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sleep apnea?
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person repeatedly stops breathing during sleep, lasting up to a minute, causing person to wake up & gasp for breath; wakes up feeling tired
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function of sleep?
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repair & restoration: sleep restores and/or repairs the body & brain; survival value: sleep increases chance of survival
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theories of sleep?
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wish fulfillment
information processing activation synthesis hypothesis |
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wish fulfillment?
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(Freud) dreaming is a psychological mechanism for fulfillment of wishes, often sexual in nature
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information processing?
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(Cartwright) the need to continue processing the day's activities
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activation synthesis hypothesis?
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(Hobson & McCarley) triggered by random neural activity from the brain
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manifest content of a dream
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actual symbol in dream that represents latent content
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latent content?
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hidden desires
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hypothesis?
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a form of social interaction that produces a heightened state of suggestability in a willing particiapant
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meditation?
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trained attention to heighten awareness & bring mental processes under greater voluntary control
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most positive benefit of meditation?
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deal with chronic anxiety, lower blood pressure, & cholesterol
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most valid criticism of Kohlberg's moral development theory?
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He's sexist; women react with compassion
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implications of Harlow's parent-child attachment research?
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all have need for bonding
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Macy?
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one fly nigga
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