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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
11.1
What is personality? |
Personality is an Individual's unique and relatively consistant patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving.
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11.2
What 3 things contibute to personality? |
Thinking
Feeling Behaving |
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11.3
What is Personality Theory? |
Personality Theory-Attempts to describe and explain people's patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving.
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11.4
The Personality Theory attempts to do what 2 things? |
It attempts to describe and explain.
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11.5
What are the 4 Basic perspectives? |
1. Psychoanalytic.
2. Humanistic. 3.Social cognitive. 4. Trait. |
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11.6
Freuds Psychoanalytic approach emphasized the importance of what 2 forces that determine behavior? |
Unconscious motives and conflicts.
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11.7
What are Freuds 3 structures of personality? |
1. Id
2.Ego 3. Superego |
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11.8
What is the ID? |
Id- The psychic structure, present at birth, that represents physchological drives and is fully unconscious.
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11.9
The Id represents what structure, what drives and is fully what? |
psychic structure
physiological drives and is fully unconscious. |
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11.10
What is the pleasure principle? |
THe pleasure principle is the governing principle of the ID; the seeking of immediate gratification of instinctive needs.
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11.11
What is the governing principle of the Id? |
The Pleasure Principle.
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11.12
What are 2 characteristics of the pleasure principle? |
1. Doesn't know how to delay instant gratification.
2. Living for today and not planning for tomorrow. |
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11.13
What is the Ego? |
The Ego is the second psychic structure to develop,characterized by self-awareness, planning, and delay of gratification.
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11.14
The Ego is the second psychic structure to develop with what 3 characteristics? |
1. Self-awareness
2.Planning 3.delay of gratification. |
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11.15
The Ego wants to do what? |
Take care of the Id's wants.
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11.16
What is the reality principle? |
The reality principle is consideration of what is practical and possible in gratifying needs; the governing principle of the Ego.
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11.17
The reality principle - consideration of what is 1 and 2 in 3 needs. |
1. practical
2. possible 3. gratifying needs. |
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11.18
Reality principle is the what of the Ego? |
governing principle.
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11.19
What is the Superego? |
The superego is the third psychic structure, which functions as the moral guardian and sets forth high standards for behavior.
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11.20
What are the functions of the superego? |
To be the moral guardian and set high standards for behavior.
It manages the ego's desires. |
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11.21
What is the Moral Principle? |
Moral Principle- The governing principle of the superego, which sets moral standards and enforces adherence to them.
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11.22
Moral Principle is the governing principle of the what? It sets what and does what to them? |
governing principle of the superego.
It sets moral standards and enfoces adherance to them. |
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11.23
In Freud's Psychosexual Development - Freud stated what? |
Freus stated that too much or too little gratification in these areas could result in fixation.
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11.24
What are the 5 stages of Freuds Psychosexual Development. |
1. Oral- Birth to 18 months
2. Anal- 1-3 years of age 3. Phallic- 3-6 years of age. 4. Latency- 6-12 years of age 5. Genital- 12/13- Adulthood. |
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11.25
What are some examples of the Oral stage. |
oral fixations
babies putting everything in their mouth. cigarettes, biting nails. |
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11.26
What are some examples of Anal stage? |
Potty training
neat vs. slob anal retentive |
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11.27
What are some examples of Phallic and Latency stages? |
Social skills
acting in an acceptable manner |
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11.28
What are some examples of the Genital stage? |
Puberty
Sexual ,aggressive flow in acceptable ways. |
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11.29
Freud said that ----- is the price we pay for ------------. |
Freud said that anxiety is the price we pay for civilization.
The Id,ego.superego tug-of-war = anxiety. |
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11.30
Defense mechanisms are the way the ----- does what? How? |
Defernse mechanisms are the way the ego protects itself.
By reducing or redirecting anxiety. |
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11.31
What is Repression? |
Repression: Banishes anxiety- arousing thoughts and feelings from consciousness.
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11.32
What is an example of Repression? |
Whan you feel relief at the death of a long suffering family member.
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11.33
What is Regression? |
Regression allows one to retreat to an earlier, more infantile stage of development.
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11.34
What is an example of Regression? |
suck your thumb or wet the bed as a child - trauma = repeating the behaviors.
Quit smoking- Stress= smoking again. |
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11.35
What is Denial? |
Denial is the refusal to face the nature of a threat.
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11.36
What is a Trait? |
A relitively stable aspect of personality that is inferred from behavior and assumed to give rise to consistant behavior.
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11.37
Trait Theory is less concerned with ------ individual traits than --------- them. |
Less concerned with explaining individual traits than describing them.
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11.38
What are the Big 5 categories of traits? |
1.Extraverson
2.Agreeableness 3. Conscientiousness 4. Neuroticism 5. Openness to experience. 5. Conscientiousness. |
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11.39
What is extraversion? |
Contrasts talkativeness, assertiveness, and activity with silence, passivity and reserve.(Measures intesity of social interactions)
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11.40
What is agreeableness? |
Contrasts kindness, trust, and warmth with hostility, selfishness, and distrust.
(Measures quality of one's interpersonal orientation) |
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11.41
What is Consciousness? |
Contrasts organization, thoroughness, and reliabillity with carelessness, negligence, and unreliability.
(It measures one's dependability) |
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11.42
What is Neuroticism? |
Contrasts nervousness, moodiness, and sensitivity to negative stimuli with coping ability. (Measures emotional stability)
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11.43
What is Openness to experience? |
Contrasts imagination, curiosity, and creativity with shallowness and lack of perspective.
(Measures open-mindedness) |
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11.44
What 3 of the Big 5 wane after college? |
1.Emotional stability
2. Extraversion 3. Openness. |
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11.45
What 2 of the Big 5 are stable? |
1. Neuroticism
2. Agreeableness. |
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11.46
Which of the Big 5 measures social interactions? |
Extraversion
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11.47
Which of the Big 5 measures interpersonal orientaion? |
Agreeableness
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11.48
Which of the Big 5 measures one's dependability? |
Conscientiousness
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11.49
Which of the Big 5 measures emotional stability? |
Neuroticism
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11.50
Which of the Big 5 measures open-mindedness? |
Openness to experience.
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11.51
What trait increases during one's 30's? |
Agreeableness
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11.52
Heritability of individual differences run about ----% for each dimension? |
50%
2 parents extroverted = 50% chance kid extroverted. |
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11.53
The Big 5 describe personality in cultures "------- ---------" |
"reasonably well"
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11.54
Morning types scored higher in "---------" demension, evening types scored higher in ----------- dimension. |
Morning types=conscientiousness
Evening types=extraverted dimensions. |
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11.55
Humanistic Psychology - view of personailty that emphasizes what 5 things? |
1. inherent goodness in people
2. human potential 3. self-actualization 4.self-concept 5.healthy personality development. |
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11.56
Who were the 2 major contributors to Humanistic psychology? |
1. A. Maslow
Hierarchy of needs. 2. Carl Rogers |
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11.57
What is the Actualizing tendency? |
The innate drive tomaintain and enhance the human organism.
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11.58
What is Self-Concept? |
The set of perconceptions and beliefs you have about your self.
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11.59
What is Positive Regard? |
Sense of being loved and valued by other people.
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11.60
What are the 2 types of Positive regard? |
1. Conditional
2.Unconditional |
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11.61
Conditional positive regard is? |
One is loved and valued ONLY if one behaves in a way that is acceptable to others.
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11.62
What is Incongruence? |
Self-concept conflicts with actual experience.
(going against the grain) |
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11.63
Unconditional positive regard is? |
One is loved and valued even when one doesn't conform to the standards and expectations of others.
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11.64
Carl Rogers felt that: Through consistant experiences of ----- ------ one becomes a psychologically ------, fully functioning person. |
Through consistant experiences of unconditional positive regard one becomes a psychologically healthy, fully functioning person.
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11.65
One has a --------, constantly evolving -----_---------. |
One has a flexible,constantly evolving self-concept.
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11.66
Rogers also felt that: One has a flexible, constantly evolving ------_-------. Sene of self is consistant with one's -------- and ---------. Which is? |
One has a flexible, constantly evolving self-concept.
Sense of self is consistant with one's emotions and experiences. Which is CONGRUENCE. |
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11.67
Social/Cognitive Perspective is what? |
1 of the 4 basic perspectives of personality.
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11.68
Social/Cognitive Theory- Emphasizes the importance of what 5 things? |
1. Observational learning
2.conscious cognitive processes 3. social experiences 4. self-efficacy beliefs. 5.reciprocal determinism. |
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11.69
What is Obervational Learning? |
Learning takes place through observing the actions of others.
-Classical/operant conditioning emphasize the role of direct experiences and punishment/reward. |
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11.70
What is Conscious cogntive processes/social experiences? |
People actively process information from their social experiences.
-this influences goals, beliefs, and behavior. |
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11.71
What is Self-efficacy? |
Degree to which you are convinced of your own capabilities and effectiveness in meeting the demands of a situation.
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11.72
What is Reciprocal Determinism? |
Human behavior and personality is caused by the interaction of behavioral, cognitive and environmental factors.
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11.73
Personality Tests are: Are an -_--- not a -----_---. Taken out of context are ------- Used with other ----,----,------. |
X-ray not a crystal ball
Taken out of context are useless. Used with other tests, therapy,concerns. |
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11.74
What are the 2 types of personality tests? |
1. Objective
2.Projective |
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11.75
Objective tests are:? |
Tests whose items must be answered in a specific, limited manner.
Concrete answers."Forced-choice format". Examples: Meyers-Briggs and MMPI |
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11.76
Projective tests are:? |
A test that presents ambiguous stimuli onto which the test-taker projects his or her own personality in making a response.
Example: Rorschach Inkblot Thematic Apperception test. |