Psychology By David Myers 10Th Edition Chapter 6 Part 1

Front 1

Sensation

Back 1

the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. (p. 218)

Front 2

Perception

Back 2

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events. (p. 218)

Front 3

Absolute Threshold

Back 3

the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time. (p. 219)

Front 4

Difference Threshold

Back 4

the minimum difference between two stimuli
required for detection 50 percent of the time. We experience the difference threshold as a just noticeable difference (or jnd). (p. 220)

Front 5

Signal Detection Theory

Back 5

a theory predicting how and when we detect
the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise). Assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that
detection depends partly on a person’s experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness. (p. 219)

Front 6

Sensory Adaption

Back 6

diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation. (p. 222)

Front 7

White Light

Back 7

Light as it originates from the sun or a bulb before it is broken up into different frequencies.

Front 8

Cornea

Back 8

Clear outer covering of the eye behind which is a fluid.

Front 9

Pupil

Back 9

the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters. (p. 228)

Front 10

Lens

Back 10

the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina. (p. 229)

Front 11

Iris

Back 11

a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening. (p. 228)

Front 12

Photoreceptors

Back 12

Nerve cells that are sensitive to light and pick up light.

Front 13

Blind Spot

Back 13

the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a “blind” spot because no receptor cells are located there. (p. 229)

Front 14

Rod

Back 14

retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don’t respond. (p. 228)

Front 15

Cone

Back 15

retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations.

(p. 228)

Front 16

Visual Acuity

Back 16

Sharpness of vision.

Front 17

Complementary

Back 17

Colors across from each other on the color wheel.

Front 18

After Image

Back 18

What you see when you look at an image for a long time and you look away - you see the shape in the complementary colors.

Front 19

Cochlea

Back 19

a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner
ear; sound waves traveling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses. (p. 244)

Front 20

Color Blindness

Back 20

Inability to perceive certain colors.

Front 21

Audition

Back 21

the sense or act of hearing. (p. 243)

Front 22

Auditory Nerve

Back 22

Transmit neural impulses to the brain.

Front 23

Conductive Deafness

Back 23

hearing loss caused by damage to the
mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea. (p. 244)

Front 24

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Back 24

hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea’s
receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness. (p. 244)

Front 25

Pitch

Back 25

How high or low a sound is.

Front 26

Intensity

Back 26

How loud a sound is.

Front 27

Decibels

Back 27

A measure of how loud a sound is, its intensity.

Front 28

Eardrum

Back 28

Piece of skin stretched over the entrance to the ear; vibrates to sound.

Front 29

Hair Cells

Back 29

Receptor cells for hearing and sense of smell; found in the cochlea and nasal cavity.

Front 30

Timbre

Back 30

The complexity of a sound.