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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
State a biological explanation for the initiation of gambling.
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-Genetics.
E.g Black (2006) Found.. First degree relatives of pathological gamblers were more likely to suffer from a gambling addiction than more distant relatives. |
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State two biological explanations for maintenance of gambling.
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1) Neurochemical.
E.g. Paris(2010) found.. Gamblers have an under active pituitary adrenal response. Demonstrated no salvitory cortisol increase in response to gambling. 2)Genetics-'sensation seeking' E.g.Zuckerman(1979) Found.. Ind. Dif. in need for optimal amount of stimulation. high sensation seekers have lower appreciation f risk and anticipate arousal as positive. |
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State a biological explanation for gambling relapse.
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-Boredom avoidance
E.g. Blasczynski found.. Pathological gamblers had significantly higher boredom proneness scores than a control group of non-gamblers. |
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State one biological explanation for initiation of smoking addiction.
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-Genetics
E.g. Vink (2000) found.. Genetics explained 44% of smoking initiations in males and females. Carried out on Dutch Twin Pairs. |
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State two biological explanations for the maintenance of a smoking addiction.
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1) Individual Differences in Nicotine Metabolism
E.g. Vink (2005) found.. Regular smoking linked to nicotine metabolism. Those with a high nicotine metabolism released more dopamine(pleasure) Has a 75% gen. influence. 2)Genetics. 'Smoking during pregnancy' E.g. Buka Et Al (2003) found.. Women who smoked heavily during pregnancy doubled risk of child becoming addicted. Dependent on socioeconomic status, age and child gender. |
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State one biological explanation for smoking relapse.
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-Genetics.
E.g Xian (2003) 54% of risk failure could be attributed to heritability. |
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Explain 4 general evaluation points of the biological explanation for smoking and gambling.
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S- Can explain why some people are more vunerable to developing addictions.
S- Can treat as a disease which is treatable. S- Social status linked to dopamine sensitivity. E.g. Marital breakdown. L-A1 variation of the DRD2, been found in people with other disorders. E.g. Terrets & Autism. |
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Give 3 Strengths of the biological approach for explaining smoking.
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1) Supportive research. Thoregeurssion Et Al (2008) identified a gene variant of chromosomes which influences smoking. Those who smoked >10 a day had it.
2)Implications for treatment, can identify those with genes and be pro-active. However, Gartner Et Al- Unsuccessful because of small association between specific genes and smoking addiction. 3)Treatment can be moderated by a persons genetic makeup. |
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Give 3 Limitations of the biological approach for explaining smoking addiction.
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1) Reductionist.
2) Deterministic. 3) Ignores other determining factors. E.g. Social context (environment etc.) |
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Explain 2 Strengths of the biological approach for explaining gambling addiction.
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1) Supportive evidence for sensation seekers. Bonnaire Et Al (06). Pathological gamblers (racetracks) scored higher on sensation seeking test than those who gambled in cafes. (L) Subgroups. Sensation seeking can't be a generalised characteristic.
2) Explains individual differences/Why only some people develop an addiction. |
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State 3 limitations of the biological approach for explaining gambling addiction.
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1) Ignores environmental and situational factors. E,g, accessibility to gambling.
2)Deterministic 3) Can't explain why some forms are more addictive. E.g. green & Zimmerman found that men and women hooked on video games took 1yr to get obsessive. Other forms take up to 3.5yrs. |