Psychology

Front 1

Review the definitions and objectives of abnormal psychology.

Back 1

the scientific study of abnormal behavior in order to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning.

Front 2

What are the common features of abnormal psychology?

Back 2

The 4 D’s
Deviance- different, extreme, unusual
Distress-unpleasant & upsetting
Dysfunction-causes interference with life
Danger-poses risk of harm

Front 3

deviance
from what?

Back 3

1. from behaviors, thoughts and emotions
2. from social norms
-stated and unstated rules for proper conduct in a given society or culture

Front 4

distress

Back 4

according to many clinical guidelines behavior must be personally distressing before it can be labeled abnormal

Front 5

dysfunction

Back 5

-abnormal behavior tends to be dysfunctional- it interferes with daily functioning
-culture has influence on determinations of dysfunction as well
- dysfunction alone does not mean abnormality

Front 6

danger

Back 6

-abnormal behavior may become dangerous to oneself or others
-although cited as a feature of psychological abnormality, dangerousness is an exception rather than a rule

Front 7

Define treatment in abnormal psychology?

Back 7

treatment (therapy) is a procedure to change abnormal behavior into more normal abnormal psychology behavior.

Front 8

what are the essential features of treatment?

Back 8

1. a sufferer who seeks RELIEF from the healer
2. a trained, SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE healer, whose expertise is accepted by the sufferer and his or her social group
3. A series of contacts between the healer and the sufferer, through which the healer tries to PRODUCE CERTAIN CHANGES in the sufferer's emotional state, attitudes, and behavior

Front 9

2. What are the 6 major paradigms (schools of thought) for understanding abnormal psychology? Know the difference between the different schools of thought in ab psych (cognitive vs. psychodynamic theory etc., and the individuals associated with each school).

Back 9

Psychoanalytic
biological
behavioral
cognitive
humanistic-existential
sociocultural
No one perspective dominates.

Front 10

psychoanalytic

Back 10

look up

Front 11

biological

Back 11

look up

Front 12

behavioral

Back 12

look up

Front 13

cognitive

Back 13

look up

Front 14

humanistic-existential

Back 14

look up

Front 15

sociocultural

Back 15

look up

Front 16

Within the context of the history of abnormal Psych: What was the supernatural perspective? Who conceived the notion of ill humors and what did having an ill humor mean? What was the psychogenic perspective? What was moral therapy?

Back 16

look up

Front 17

Know the difference between operant and classical conditioning

Back 17

operant- organism "operates" on environment and produces an effect. humans and animals learn to behave in certain ways as a result of receiving REWARDS whenever they do so

classical- learning by TEMPORAL ASSOCIATION. father ivan pavlov. when two events repeatedly occur close together in tim, they become fused in a person's mind; before long, the person responds in the same way to both events.

Front 18

What were Freud’s contributions to the study of ab psych?

Back 18

the psychodynamic model
-the oldest and most famous psychological model
- based on the belief that a person's behavior is determined largely by underlying DYNAMIC psychological forces OF WHICH ONE IS NOT AWARE OF
-abnormal symptoms are the result of conflict among these forces

Front 19

What are the defense mechanisms from psychodynamic theory? Be able to apply them

Back 19

caused by 3 UNCONSCIOUS forces
1. ID- guided by the PLEASURE principle
2. ego- guided by the REALITY principle
3. super ego- guided by the MORALITY principle

Front 20

What did Freud believe (how did he explain it) was the cause of Ab psych?

Back 20

freud proposed that at each stage of development, new events and pressures require adjustment in the id, ego, and superego
if successful= personal growth
if unsuccessful= fixation at an early developmental stage, leading to psychological abnormality
- because parents are the key figures in early life, they are often seen as the cause of improper development

Front 21

Know the diathesis stress model (in your text).

Back 21

get book

Front 22

Know the difference btwn. prevalence and incidence of a psychological disorder.

Back 22

prevalence- how many people in a population as a whole have a disorder?
incidence- how many new cases of a disorder occur within a given time?

Front 23

What is the purpose of research in abnormal psychology?

Back 23

Clinical researchers attempt to examine which concepts and theories best explain and predict abnormal behavior, which treatments are most effective, and what kinds of changes may be required

Front 24

What are the limitations of case studies, correlational studies and experimental studies?(text)

Back 24

get book

Front 25

What features guard against confounds?(text)

Back 25

get book

Front 26

What are some alternative experimental designs? Why would you use a quasi experiment?(text)

Back 26

get book

Front 27

What is the focus of the biological perspective?

Back 27

psychological abnormality is an illness brought about by malfunctioning parts of the organism
typically focused on the brain

Front 28

Know how hormones and neurotransmitters are related to abnormal behaviors?

Back 28

can cause depression or anxiety
abnormal secretions of hormones have been linked to psychological disorders

Front 29

Know the three kinds of biological treatments?

Back 29

drug therapy
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
psychosurgery

Front 30

What is the purpose of assessments and classifications?

Back 30

assessment- the collecting of relevant information in an effort to reach a conclusion. a clinical assessment is used to determine how and why a person is behaving abnormally and how that person my be helped.
-classification- lists of categories, disorders, and symptom descriptions, with guidelines for assignment. focus on clusters of symptoms(syndromes)

Front 31

What is the focus of the behavioral school of thought?

Back 31

modeling

Front 32

How does modeling explain abnormal functioning?

Back 32

individuals learn behavioral responses by observing and repeating behavior
NO DIRECT REINFORCEMENT

Front 33

How do cognitive and sociocultural theorists explain abnormal functioning?

Back 33

cognitive- maladaptive THINKING is the cause of maladaptive BEHAVIOR
-sociocultural- family structure and communication
-family systems theory= abnormal functioning within family leads to abnormal behavior

Front 34

Know the three categories into which clinical assessments fall.

Back 34

clinical interviews
tests
observations

Front 35

What are the three kinds of clinical observations?

Back 35

naturalistic
analog
self-monitoring

Front 36

What are the characteristics of assessment tools?

Back 36

to be useful, assessment tools must be STANDARDIZED and have clear RELIABILITY and VALIDITY

Front 37

Recognize the names of the personality tests, projective tests, and neuropsychological batteries and the categories to which they belong.

Back 37

personality- designed to measure broad personality. most widely used is mmpi
projective- tests strengths and weaknesses not reliable or valid, may be biased against minority groups.
neuropsychological batteries- DIRECTLY asses brain function by assessing brain structure and activity. INDIRECTLY assess brain function.

Front 38

What are the 5 aspects of the mental status exam?

Back 38

find it

Front 39

What is the purpose of clinical interviews? How are they carried out? What affects the focus of the interview?

Back 39

-used to collect detailed information, especially personal history, about a client
-can either be STRUCTURED or UNSTRUCTURED
-theoretical orientation affects the focus

Front 40

What are the most commonly used classification systems? What are the characteristics of the classification system discussed in class?

Back 40

-DSM-5-TR
-axis 1-5

Front 41

axis 1

Back 41

Most frequently diagnosed disorders except personality disorders and mental retardation

Front 42

axis 2

Back 42

personality disorders and mental retardation
-long-standing problems- improvement is possible

Front 43

axis 3

Back 43

relevant general medical conditions that affect mental health

Front 44

axis 4

Back 44

psychosocial and environmental problems
-poverty, divorce, lead neighborhood ETC

Front 45

axis 5

Back 45

global assessment of psychological, social, and occupational functioning
-current functioning and highest functioning in past year 0-100 scale

Front 46

What are the impacts of labeling a person with a disorder?

Back 46

also present is the issue of LABELING & STIGMA
-diagnosis my be a self-fulfilling prophecy

Front 47

Review incidence and prevalence

Back 47

i think this one is covered