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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
memory
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the ability to store and use information; also the store of what has been learned and remembered
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three-stage model of memory
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classification of memories based on duration as sensory, short-term, and long-term
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sensory memory
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the part of memory that holds information in its original sensory form for a very brief period of time, usually about half a second or less
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short-term memory
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the part of memory that temporarily (for 2 to 30 seconds) stores a limited amount of info before it is either transferred to long-term storage or forgotten
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long-term memory
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the part of memory that has the capacity to store a vast amount of info for as little as 30 seconds and as long as a lifetime
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working memory
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the part of memory required to attend to and solve a problem at hand; often used interchangeably with short-term memory
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chunking
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the process of breaking down a list of items to be remembered into a smaller set of meaningful units
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rehearsal
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the process of repeatedly practicing material so that it enters long-term memory
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implicit memory
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kind of memory made up of knowledge based on previous experience, such as skills that we perform automatically once we have mastered them; resides outside conscious awareness
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procedural memory
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knowledge we hold for almost any behavior or physical skill we learn
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priming
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a king of implicit memory that occurs when recall is improved by prior exposure to the same or similar stimuli
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explicit memory
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knowledge that consists of the conscious recall of facts and events; also know as declarative memory
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semantic memory
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form of memory that recalls facts and general knowledge such as what we learn in school
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episodic memory
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form of memory that recalls the experiences we have had
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encoding
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the process by which the brain attends to take in, and integrates new information; the first stage of long-term memory info
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levels of processing
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the concept that the more deeply people encode information, the better they will recall it
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mnemonic device
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a method devised to help remember info, such as a rhyme or acronym
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consolidation
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the process of establishing, stabilizing, or solidifying a memory; the second stage of long-term memory formation
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storage
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the retention of memory over time,; the third stage of long-term memory formation
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retrieval
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the recovery of information stored in memory; the 4th stage of long-term memory
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forgetting
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the weakening or loss of memories over time
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interference
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disruption of memory because other info competes with the info we are trying to recall
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retroactive interference
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disruption of memory because new experiences or info causes people to forget previously learned experiences or info
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proactive interference
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disruption of memory because previously learned information interferes with the learning of new information
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absent-mindedness
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a form of forgetfulness that results from inattention
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blocking
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the inability to retrieve some information once it is stored
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repression
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the unconscious act of keeping threatening thoughts, feelings or impulses out of consciousness
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suggestibility
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problem with memory that occurs when memories are implanted in our minds based on leading questions, comments, or suggestions by someone else or some other source
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