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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fixed ratio
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a set number of correct responses is required to receive a reinforcer, regardless of time
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Nuetral stimulus
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a stimulus that generally does not evoke a response
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Punishment
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process of presenting an undesirable or noxious stimulus, or removing a desirable stimulus, to decrease the probability that a preceding response will recur.
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Consequences
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effects that follow a response
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Positive reinforcement
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occurs when a response is followed by a reward in order to increase the likelihood that it will recur
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Conditioned response
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a learned response elicited by a conditioned stimulus
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Variable interval
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a reinforcer is given for the first correct response after a varying amount of time
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Shaping
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is the gradual process of selectively reinforcing behaviors that come closer an closer to a desired response
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Fixed interval
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a feinforcer is given following a correct response after a set amount of time
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Classical conditioning
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conditioning process in which an originally neutral stimulus, by repeated pairing with a stimulus that normally elicits a respponse, comes to elicit a similar/same response
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Negative reinforcement
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removal of a stimulus after a particular response to increse the likelihood that the response will recur
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Desensitization
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reducing fear or anxiety by repeatedly exposing a person to emotional stimuli while the person is deeply relaxed
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Variable ratio
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a reinforcer is given after a varying number of correct responses
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Antecedents
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events which precede a response
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Variable interval
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a reinforcer is given for the first correct response after a varying amount of time
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Extinction
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the weakening of a conditioned response through the removal of reinforcement
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Law of effect
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learning is strengthened by reinforcement. Responses which produce desirable results are repeated: those which produce undesirable results are not.
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Unconditional response
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an innate reflex response elicited by an unconditional stimulus
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Phobia
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an intense and unrealistic fear of some specific object or situation
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Conditioned stimulus
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neutral stimulus that, through repeated association with an unconditioned stimulus, begins to elicit a conditioned response
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Reinforcement
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any event that increases the probability that a particular response will occur
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Operant conditioning
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conditioning in which an increse or decrease in the pobability that a behavior will recur is affected by the delivery of reinforcement or punishment as a consequence of the behavior
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Unconditioned stimulus
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a stimulus innately capable of eliciting a response
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Learning
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any permanent change in behavior which can be attributed to experience
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