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6 Cards in this Set
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The Psychoanalytical Approach to Personality Freud's Theory of Personality |
- It believes that all of our behaviour is driven by subconscious motives - It makes it difficult for us to truly know ourselves - Makes us behave in ways that we have difficulty explaining - It explains how much of our psychological energy is taken up with suppressing our unconscious thoughts or finding socially acceptable ways of expressing them
Many current psychologists dismiss Freud as a historical figure |
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- Freud did not invent the theory of the unconscious. - Unconscious ideas were said to be weaker ideas that had been pushed from consciousness by stronger conscious ideas. - Freud disagreed with this, he believed that there were different levels of consciousness |
Levels of Consciousness - Freud's Theory
Conscious mind - material that we are actively aware of at any given time Preconscious mind - thoughts that are unconscious at this moment but can easily be brought to mind. Unconscious mind - material that we cannot access that is supressed
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- There is no clean cut definition between each level and sometimes thoughts can slip between the levels. - Repression may weaken and allow unconscious thoughts to move into the conscious mind. - Unconscious thoughts usually appear in a modified form, dreams, at stressful times in symptoms of illness and psychological disturbances, impulses whilst under the influence of drugs and alcohol |
Iceberg Theory
Conscious and Preconscious on the small section on the surface. Unconscious the large section under the water. |
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Dreams - Dreams are made to preserve sleep - This is done by showing wishes as fulfilled - Worries and problems are solved/disappear in dreams - Desires that are unacceptable to our conscious mind are expressed in our dreams. - Freud believes that dreams are the route into patients unconscious. - There were two elements to dreams, manifest content and latent content |
Manifest Content - This is the description of the dream. - However Freud believed that this wasn't an accurate representation of the dream Latent Content - What the analyst believed the dream to represent - Usually linked to a sexual nature |
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Primary process thinking - Irrational mental activity - Events are often oblivious to categories of time and space and are displayed and condensed in impossible ways. - The logically impossible becomes possible. Pleasure Principle - The urge to have drives met - This is not a desire to actively seek pleasure but more to avoid displeasure, pain and upset. |
Secondary process thinking - Rational though which is logical and organised - A characteristic of conscious and preconscious thought
Reality Principle - We operate according to the actual situation in the external world and the facts as we see them
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Pleasure principle is an innate, primitive instinct driving our behaviour (nature) Reality principle is learnt as we grow up (nurture) |
Daydreaming, imagination, creative activities and emotional thinking involve both primary and secondary thinking. |