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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rote Repetition
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Saying the object to be remembered over and over.
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Elaboration Rehearsal
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Think about the meaning of the word to be remembered instead of the word itself. Associate the meaning and thus remember better. (Shows better retention than rote repetition)
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Method of Loci
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Associate the object to be remembered with a specific location.
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mnemonics
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Make up a saying that associates each word with a concept to be remembered.
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Levels of processing
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Structural processing (uppercase/lowercase), acoustic (does it rhyme with sock?) processing, semantic processing.
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Transfer-Appropriate processing
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Theory of state-based memory that states that recall will be better if the process used to encode the memory is the same as the process used to retrieve it. I.e. if you remember "beer" because it rhymes with "fear", it will be easier to remember when someone asks you if the word you remembered rhymes with "tear" then just asking "what does the word you remember mean?"
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Time of day vs memory
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Young = Better at night. Old = Better in morning.
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Effect of sleep on memory
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sleeping allows for longer retention of memory.
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Survival Processing
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It's easier to remember something related to survival.
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Face recognition
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Worse in cross-race recognition, also inverted recognition. Otherwise quite good and get better the older the face is.
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Total time rule
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Memory is much more than just "time on task"
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Massing vs Spacing
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Massing > Spacing when the test follows immediately.
Spacing > Massing when test is delayed. |
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Reminding Theory
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The further spaced p1 and p2 are, the less chance of reminding occuring. However, the more spaced p1 and p2 are, the greater effect reminding has when it occurs.
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Lag-recency Effect
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Having made a successful recall, the next recall is most likely an object close in serial position on the list to the last object recalled.
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Exponential Forgetting
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Forgetting is proportional with time. Equation is
R(t) = N(o)e^(kt) where k is the constant, t is time, and N(o) is initial learning |
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Power rule forgetting
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Forgetting decreased proportionally with time. Equation
is R(t)=N(1)e^-k |
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Hazard Function
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Graphing the probability that you will forget something given an amount of time.
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Jost's Law
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If two associations are of equal strength but diff. age, the older one diminishes less with time due to consolidation.
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Consolidation
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Process by which information is transferred from STM into LTM.
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Ribots Law
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Retrograde amnesia is temporally graded due to consolidation.
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Implicit memory
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Memory that helps with performance on a task without conscious awareness of the knowledge used.
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Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF)
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Phenomena where remembering information causes loss of other information.
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effect of testing on proactive interference
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Being tested on a list protects that list from proactive interference
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Effect of Item-method directed forgetting on recall
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Reduces rate of both recall and recognition.
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Effect of List-method directed forgetting on recall
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Reduces rate of recall but not recognition.
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