Psychology 201 Ch. 10

Front 1

Emotion

Back 1

An immediate, specific, negative or positive response to environmental events or internal thoughts.

Front 2

Primary Emotions

Back 2

Emotions that are innate, evolutionarily adaptive, and universal. (Shared across cultures)

- Anger

- Fear

- Sadness

- Disgust

- Happiness

- Surprise

- Contempt

Front 3

Secondary Emotions

Back 3

Blends of Primary Emotions.

- Remorse

- Guilt

- Submission

- Shame

- Love

- Bitterness

-Jealousy

Front 4

Emotions have Three affects

Back 4

1. Physical Process (heart beating faster, sweat)

2. Behavioral Response (eyes and mouth open wide)

3. A feeling (based on cognitive appraisal of the situation and interpretation of the bodily state)

Front 5

Feelings

Back 5

The subjective experience of the emotion.

Ex. "feeling scared" but not the emotion itself.

Front 6

Moods

Back 6

Diffused, long-lasting emotional states that do not have an identifiable object or trigger.

Ex. Anger = emotion

Irritable = mood

Front 7

Circumplex Model

Back 7

Model for emotions based on valence (negative/positive) and arousal relationship.

Front 8

Two pathways that information reaches the Amygdala

Back 8

1. Quick and dirty

2. Slow and deliberate

Front 9

Two pathways that information reaches the Amygdala

Back 9

1. Quick and dirty

2. Slow and deliberate

Front 10

Quick and dirty pathway

Back 10

Sensory information is processed instantly.

Front 11

Slow and deliberate pathway

Back 11

Sensory information goes through thalamus to the cortex before sent to the Amygdala.

Front 12

James- Lange Theory

Back 12

Physical Reaction causes emotions.

ex. we feel sad because we cry.

you see a bear - heart races - you perceive fear from heart racing.

Front 13

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Back 13

Facial expressions trigger the experience of an emotion.

ex. Smiling will make you happier.

Front 14

Cannon Bard Theory

Back 14

Emotional stimuli are sent to the body (physical reaction) and the brain (emotional response) separately and simultaneously. independent experiences.
- Too many emotions have the same physical response, excitement, sex, anger.

Front 15

Schachter-Singer Theory

(Two - Factor Theory)

Back 15

Undifferentiated Physiological Arousal.
Arousal is interpreted differently. When aroused people look for the source (label).

Front 16

Misattribution of Arousal

Back 16

When people misidentify the source of their arousal.

Front 17

Affect-as-Information Theory

Back 17

People use current moods to make judgements and appraisals. They rely on their mood even if they don't know their mood source.

Front 18

Somatic Markers

Back 18

Bodily Reactions that arise from the emotional evaluation of an action's consequences.

You experience an emotional reaction based on your expectation of the action outcome from past actions
"queasy feeling, fear of heights"

Front 19

Damage to Somatic Markers

Back 19

- Risky gambling (don't have the feeling that "something is a bad idea)
- talking about the death of loved ones without emotional pain.

Front 20

Display Rules

Back 20

Social Rules learned through socialization that dictate which emotions are suitable in given situations.

ex. Loud Americans, Cold and bland British, Warm and emotional Italian.

Front 21

Guilt is good in three ways

Back 21

1. Discourages people from doing things that would harm their relationship.

2. It displays care about their relationships.

3. Can be used to manipulate others.

Front 22

Four essential qualities for Motivational States

Back 22

1. energizing (cause animals to do something)

2. Directive (guide behaviors to satisfy specific goals/needs)

3. Persist, until they satisfy their need.

4. Strength.

Front 23

Motivation

Back 23

A process that energizes, guides, and maintains behavior towards a goal.

Front 24

Need Hierarchy

("Need Theory" of motivation)

Back 24

1. Physiological (hunger, thirst, warmth, air)

2. Safety

3. Belonging and Love (friendship)

4. Esteem

5. Self Actualization

Front 25

Self Actualization

Back 25

Living to full potential, achieving personal dreams and aspirations.

Front 26

Homeostasis

Back 26

The tendency for bodily functions to maintain equilibrium.

Front 27

Over time, if a behavior constantly reduces a drive it becomes a

Back 27

Habit

Front 28

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Back 28

"optimal level of arousal"
Too little arousal (anxiety) will not motivate someone to do something, but too much and they get overwhelmed.

Front 29

Incentives

Back 29

External objects or goals that motivate behaviors.

Front 30

Extrinsic Motivation

Back 30

Motivation to perform an activity because of the external goal, typically a reward.

Front 31

Intrinsic Motivation

Back 31

Motivation to perform an activity because of the value or pleasure associated with that activity.

Front 32

Self-Determination Theory

Back 32

Extrinsic rewards reduce intrinsic value because such rewards undermine people's feeling that they are choosing to do something for themselves.

Front 33

Self Perception Theory

Back 33

People are seldom aware of their specific motives. Instead they draw inferences about their motives according to what makes the most sense.

Ex. Realizing hoe hungry you were after you ate.

Front 34

Hedonism

Back 34

Desire for pleasure. If something feels good we do it again.

Front 35

Approach Motivations

Back 35

Seek out food, sex, and companionship because they are associated with pleasure.

Front 36

Avoidance Motivation

Back 36

Encourages people to avoid negative outcomes because that are associated with pain.

Front 37

Self-Regulation of behavior

Back 37

The process by which people change their behavior to attain personal goals.

Front 38

Self-Efficacy

Back 38

The expectation that your efforts will lead to success.

Front 39

Achievement- Motive

Back 39

The desire to do well relative to standards of excellence.

Front 40

Turning Hot Cognition into Cold Cognition

Back 40

Mentally transforming the desired object into something undesired.

Front 41

Satiety

Back 41

when you stop eating because your'e full

Front 42

VMH

Back 42

Fullness

Front 43

LH

Back 43

Hunger

Front 44

Sensory-Specific-Satiety

Back 44

Animals eat more when presented with a variety of foods because they quickly grow tired of one flavor.

More likely to satisfy nutritional needs by eating more foods.

Front 45

Sexual Response Cycle

Back 45

1. Excitement phase

2. Plateau phase

3. Orgasm phase

4. Resolution Phase

Front 46

Sexual Strategies Theory

Back 46

Men and Women have evolved distinct mating strategies because they faced different adaptive problems over the course of human history.