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150 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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According to Erikson, which of the following is the goal of adolescence? |
Ego identity |
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Eric has high blood pressure and his doctors have found no specific cause. This condition is called: |
Essential hypertension |
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Alina thinks she is overweight even if she is not. She often indulges in binge eating and later vomits the food out forcefully. Which eating disorder is Alina likely suffering from? |
Bulimia nervosa |
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____ are simple, inborn responses elicited by specific stimuli. |
Reflexes |
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Jason meets a therapist for the first time. During the session, the therapist tells him that she believes that humans have a natural tendency toward health and growth and that they are free to make choices and control their destinies. She also tells him that therapy is intended to help people get in touch with their genuine feelings. Which kind of therapy does she likely practice? |
Client-centered therapy |
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The ____ is an area at the side of the hypothalamus that appears to function as a start-eating center. |
Lateral hypothalamus |
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Type B people: |
Relax more readily and focus more on the quality of life |
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____ are based on the thinking of Sigmund Freud. |
Psychodynamic therapies |
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According to the general adaptation syndrome, the ____ is triggered by the perception of a stressor. |
Alarm reaction |
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Which of the following is a feature of the germinal stage of prenatal development? |
The zygote divides repeatedly while moving to the uterus |
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Somatoform disorders involve: |
complaints of physical problems |
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Which of the following is NOT one of the Selye's three stages in the general adaptation syndrome? |
Resilience phase |
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Sigmund Freud was the first to develop the ____ of personality. |
Psychodynamic theories |
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According to Arnett, which of the following is a feature of the stage of emerging adulthood? |
Identity exploration |
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____ assert that people's behavior is influenced by their values, by how they interpret situations, and by choice. |
Cognitive psychologists |
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Which of the following aggravated the problems that inmates of asylums were already facing? |
Overcrowding |
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Which of the following is true of children specifically in the concrete operational stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory? |
They show the capacity for adult logic involving tangible objects. |
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According to Aaron Beck, clients may engage in ____, which means looking at the world in black and white rather than in shades of gray. |
Absolutist thinking |
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Jack's therapist Susan wants him to recall significant point about his recent appraisal, so he can cope with his work more effectively. Which of the following approaches does Susan take? |
Behavioral therapy |
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Tom is a loner who shows little interest in making friends and does not exhibit much emotion. However, he is a star performer at work. His job involves updating a database to reflect the most recent events occurring in the world. He is showing signs of ____. |
Schizoid personality disorder |
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Peter and Kirsten share a warm relationship and count on each other for emotional support. According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, this demonstrates ____. |
Intimacy |
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Vygotsky's sociocultural theory focuses on: |
The influence of teacher's on children's cognitive development |
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Behavior therapists rely heavily on the principles of ____. |
Conditioning and observational learning |
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Celia is taking an interest inventory. One of the questions asks her to select her preferred activity from among travelling, reading books, and cooking. The question does not give her a "none of the above" option. What is the format of the interest inventory called? |
Forced-choice format |
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According to the different types of social support, ____ involves helping people interpret, or "make sense of," what has happened to them. |
Appraisal |
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Mary and Ted are working with a therapist to strengthen their communication, express their uncomfortable feelings, and learn to share in the decision-making process. In which of the following therapies are they involved? |
Couple therapy |
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People with mood disorders: |
May become severely depressed when things are going well or when they encounter mildly upsetting events |
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Which of these factors does NOT contribute to aggressive behavior? |
Empathy |
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In the concept of the perceptual development of infants, ____ is the amount of time spent looking at a visual stimulus. |
Fixation time |
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Viola has just came back from work and is experiencing some hunger pangs. She quickly makes a sandwich which satisfies her hunger. The return to the normal bodily function without the hunger pangs is called ____. |
Homeostasis |
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People with ____ do not show the grossly disorganized thinking of paranoid schizophrenia. |
Paranoid personality disorder |
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The group effect called ____ is likely to lead the group to make more risky shifts in decision-making. |
Polarization |
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A professor is active in the extra-curricular activities of the college where he teaches, in addition to his normal duties. According to Kobasa, which of the following characteristic of psychological hardiness does the professor exhibit? |
Commitment |
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According to Freud, the ego is guided by the ____. |
Reality principle |
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Lisa is a single parent of three children. During the course of each week, she prepares meals, shops for groceries, and takes care of the household. She also has a demanding job that she does not like, but cannot quit as she is concerned about meeting her everyday expenses. Psychologists refer to these stresses as ____. |
Daily hassles |
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A two-year-old child's family has a pet rabbit. When they visit the zoo for the first time, the child sees a hamster and calls it a rabbit because of its similar physical features. According to Piaget, which cognitive process will best correct the child's misunderstanding? |
Accommodation |
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Psychological disorders are: |
Sometimes characterized by anxiety |
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Type A people: |
Are highly driven, competitive, impatient, hostile, and aggressive. |
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Which of the following is true of cognitive therapy? |
It focuses directly on thoughts and encourages ideas that help individuals solve problems. |
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Raul goes to a therapist, The therapist asks him to relax by lying on a couch and encourages him to talk about anything that comes to his mind. Through this process, the therapist hopes for some unconscious information to be revealed. Which of the following psychoanalytic techniques does the therapist use? |
Free association |
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Conversion disorder is characterized by: |
A major change in, or loss of, physical functioning, although there are no medical findings to explain the loss of functioning. |
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Which of the following is true of satiety? |
We get signals of satiety from the digestive tract. |
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According to Freud, the id follows the ____. |
Pleasure principle |
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According to the ____, a woman's appeal is more strongly connected with her age and health, both of which are markers of reproductive capacity. |
Parental investment model |
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Nadine has a newborn baby boy. The first time her husband turned on the television, the baby drew up his legs and arched his back in response to the sudden noise. In this scenario, the baby exhibited the ____. |
Moro reflex |
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When Jolly met his supervisor immediately after getting hired, he remembered to smile as he answered her questions. In terms of social perception, Jolly wants his supervisor to form a positive: |
First impression |
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Antidepressant medication tends to increase the concentration of ____ in the brain. |
Noradrenaline |
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Lena is a mother of two. From the time her first child was born, Lena has been working at a school and managing every aspect of her children's lives. She believes that she must contribute to her family as well as society. According to Erik Erikson, Lena is best demonstrating ____. |
Generativity |
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A(n) ____ is a psychodynamically oriented therapist who focuses on the conscious, coping behavior of the ego instead of the hypothesized, unconscious functioning of the id. |
Ego analyst |
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A pregnant woman goes in for an ultrasound in the second month of her pregnancy and hears the heartbeat of her baby for the first time. She is told that in this stage of pregnancy the head of the baby will start changing shape, and its facial features will start becoming easier to identify. The ____ of prenatal development is depicted in this scenario. |
Embryonic stage |
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Tom is a high school senior who is very clean that he wants to study medicine. He spends his summer volunteering at hospitals and studies very hard for all of his tests. He subscribes to medical journals so that he does not miss out on developments in the medical field. Tom is determined to study at Harvard Medical School and is sure he will get in. According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, Tom is demonstrating ____. |
Ego identity |
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When is the id first present in the mind? |
At birth |
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Which of the following is a characteristic of polygraphs for lie detection? |
Tense muscles will reduce their accuracy. |
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Sarah's thinking is considered to be peculiar. She mixes up words from different languages and strings them along in rambling sentences. She plays out her fantasy of living in a world of cotton candy all day. However, she does not suffer from hallucinations or delusions. Sarah is displaying symptoms of ____. |
Schizotypal personality disorder |
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Sanchez, an 8-year-old boy, suffers from unpredictable panic attacks and constantly talks to a make-believe group of friends. His mother confesses to the family doctor, "I probably drank too much alcohol during pregnancy and caused brain damage." Which perspective on psychological disorders does she hold? |
The medical model |
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Connor was frightened as his can was weaving in and out of traffic across the city. The level of his endocrine and sympathetic activity eventually lowered as his body attempted to restore lost energy and repair damage. Connor is in the ____ of the general adaptation syndrome. |
Resistance stage |
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According to Neal E. Miller, which of the following is the least stressful type of conflict? |
Approach-approach conflict |
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The field of psychology that studies relationships between psychological factors and the prevention and treatment of physical wellness problems is known as ____. |
Health psychology |
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Mark and Mindy have two daughters. Their older daughter moved to a different city to pursue her graduate studies a few years ago. Now their younger daughter has finished high school and is moving to a different country for her undergraduate studies. After their younger daughter leaves, Mindy is bereft and is unable to figure out what to do with her free time. This scenario best illustrates the ____. |
Empty-nest syndrome |
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Jose, a gym instructor, trains his clients in cardio and strength training. One of his clients, Rosa, is unable to focus on her cardio workouts for more than 15 minutes at a time but wants to increase her time to 30 minutes. So, Jose tries to gradually increase her attention time by five minutes before she is allowed to engage in small talk as a reinforcer for focusing on her workout. Which of the following behavior methods does Jose most likely use in this scenario? |
Successive approximation |
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____ refers to the systematic application of the principles of learning to the direct modification of a client's problem behaviors. |
Behavior therapy |
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The ____ is the second phase of the sexual response cycle, which is characterized by increases in vasocongestion, muscle tension, heart rate, and blood pressure in preparation for an orgasm. |
Plateau phase |
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Which of the following is true of the rational emotive behavior therapists? |
They aim to encourage clients to challenge and correct irrational expectations. |
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Which of the following is a similarity between client-centered therapy and Gestalt therapy? |
Like client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy assumes that people disown parts of themselves that might meet with social disapproval or rejection. |
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The ____ is a membrane within the uterus that permits the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and her developing child. |
Placenta |
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According to Carl Rogers, ____ refer(s) to the mental images of what we are capable of becoming. |
Self-ideals |
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According to Ainsworth, securely attached children: |
Seek interaction with their mothers upon reunion |
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The risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) can be reduced by: |
Lowering LDL serum cholesterol |
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Which brain structure is associated with aggression in nonhumans? |
Hypothalamus |
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Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of group therapy? |
Relationship problems are magnified |
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A(n) ____ is a state of feeling that has cognitive, physiological, and behavioral components. |
Emotion |
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Sheetal is reluctant to go home for the Christmas holidays as she does not have a good relationship with her parents. The tension starts even before she arrives. Her ____ leaves her feeling miserable. |
Attitude |
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A two-year-old child has a pet dog called Sophie. The child visits her neighbor's house and sees their pet dog. Even though the dog's larger and of a different color, the child points to it and calls it a dog. Which of Piaget's cognitive processes is the child demonstrating? |
Assimilation |
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Jorge works for a finance company. His boss tells him that he will get a raise if he can complete his work two days before the actual deadline. The raise that Jorge is being offered is referred to as a(n) ____. |
Incentive |
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People are said to ____ when they change their behavior to adhere to social norms.
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Conform |
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In client-centered therapy, ____ refers to the recognition of a client's experiences and feelings.
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Empathy |
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Which of the following is a similarity between cognitive therapies and humanistic therapies?
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Both aim to foster self-insight, but they mainly aim to help make people more aware of their current cognitions. |
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According to the five-factor model, the five basic personality factors are extraversion, neuroticism, ____, agreeableness, and openness to experience. |
Conscientiousness |
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Which of the following is a difference between Type A people and Type B people?
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Type A people are more likely to continue to strive for more and more as compared to Type B people. |
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A psychology professor argues that the nature of the mother-infant relationship and social relationships are more crucial determinants than sexual urges. In addition, she argues that we are conscious architects of our own personality. The professor's views are closest to those of ____. |
Erik Erikson |
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Terry was molested by her male colleague a week ago. Since then, she has been overwhelmed with feelings of anxiety and helplessness. His doctor refers to her condition as: |
Acute stress disorder |
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Ophelia is in high school. She enjoys studying and does well in school. Her parents encourage her to think and act independently. Whenever she does well on an exam, she feels a sense of self-satisfaction. In this scenario, Ophelia's achievement motivation stems from a(n) ____.
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Learning goal |
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Sheryl is suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder. Her doctor recommends that she takes some drugs. Which of the following is she most likely taking? |
Antidepressant |
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Which of the following is a feature of Erikson's intimacy versus isolation stage? |
Establishment of close relationships |
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A landlord refuses to rent his vacant apartment to college students. He believes that students throw wild parties and destroy property. In the context of behavior, the landlord's refusal is an example of ____.
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Discrimination |
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Katie is excessively fearful of meeting new people. She eats at her desk at work to avoid any social contact with her coworkers and consistently refuses their invitations to go out for parties. Psychologists would most likely diagnose Katie with ____. |
Social phobia |
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According to Piaget, children in the formal operational stage of cognitive development have:
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The ability to hypothesize |
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Which of the following factors increases the tendency to conform?
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Social shyness |
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____ is characterized by disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity, and mood, as well as withdrawal and absorption in daydreams or fantasy. |
Schizophrenia |
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Which of the following is true of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
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It states that humans are motivated by their desire for personal growth. |
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Which of the following is a difference between traditional psychoanalysis and humanistic therapies? |
Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on early childhood experiences, while humanistic therapies focus on what clients are experiencing here and now. |
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What is Hans Selye's term for strain that is healthful? |
Eustress |
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Which of the following represents the correct developmental sequence of Sigmund Freud's stages of psychosexual development?
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Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital |
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Which of the following is true of the attraction-similarity hypothesis? |
It theorizes that reciprocity is a powerful determinant of attraction. |
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Bobby spilled water accidentally on his father's computer, but contrary to expectations, Bobby did not get grounded. His father acknowledged that it was a mistake and assured Bobby that he still loved him, despite the unfortunate incident. Bobby's father's response was an example of ____. |
Unconditional positive regard |
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Which of the following is a difference between life changes and daily hassles? |
Life changes occur at irregular intervals, whereas daily hassles occur regularly. |
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____ is a disorder in which a person appears to have two or more distinct identities or personalities that may alternately emerge. |
Dissociative identity disorder |
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Which of the following is true of coronary heart disease? (CHD) |
Overtime work, assembly line labor, and exposure to conflicting demands can all contribute to CHD. |
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Behavior therapy applies ____ to directly promote desired behavioral changes. |
Principles of learning |
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Which of the following is a difference between humanistic forms of therapy and behavior therapy? |
Humanistic forms of therapy tend to focus on emotions, whereas behavior therapy tends to focus on actions. |
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____ refers to a behavior-therapy method for helping people in their interpersonal relations that utilizes self-monitoring, behavior rehearsal, and feedback.
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Social skills training |
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Which of the following situations best describes Watson and Skinner's beliefs regarding behaviorism? |
A man donates to charity because his parents rewarded this behavior |
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Amnesia is frequently associated with ____.
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Dissociative disorders |
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A ____ is a pattern of action or a "mental structure" involved in acquiring or organizing knowledge. |
Schema |
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____ individuals are people who are sexually aroused by, and interested in forming romantic relationships with people of the other gender. |
Heterosexual |
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On a(n) ____ level, prejudice is associated with negative feelings such as fear, dislike, or hatred.
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Emotional |
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A(n) ____ rat is characterized by excessive eating.
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Hyperphagic |
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____ is defined by recurrent, anxiety-provoking thoughts or images that seem irrational and beyond control and seemingly irresistible urges to engage in thoughts or behaviors that tend to reduce the anxiety. |
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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According to Jung, which of the following refers to the primitive images contained in the collective unconscious? |
Archetypes |
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According to the ____, people tend to develop romantic relationships with people who are similar to themselves in physical allure and other traits. |
Attraction-similarity hypothesis |
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The ____ mind contains primitive instincts such as sex and aggression. |
Unconscious |
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In psychoanalysis, the uncensored uttering of all thoughts that come to mind is known as ____. |
Free association |
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Which of the following situations represents acculturation among immigrants living in the United States? |
A child from France is learning English at home |
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Sarah can recite her speech for her oral communications class perfectly when she is alone. However, when she is in front of the group she often loses her "train of thought" because of her concern that the audience is judging her performance. Sarah's performance has been influenced by: |
Evaluation apprehension |
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Which of the following is a shortcoming of Freud's psychoanalytic theory? |
Its clinical method of gathering evidence is suspect. |
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Shawna is in her mid-fifties Her college-going son lives in a separate apartment in the same city, while her parents live with her. She cooks meals for her son regularly and does his laundry. At the same time, she looks after her parents, who are dependent on her. Shawna is facing the difficulties of the ____. |
Sandwich generation |
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A(n) ____ involves an inherited disposition to activate specific behavior patterns that enable an organism to reach specific goals. |
Instinct |
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According to Kohlberg, moral reasoning is based on a person's own moral standards at the ____. |
Postconventional level |
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Jessie and her mother argue about Jessie's choice of friends and dates. Her mother thinks that Jessie is stubborn and resistant. Jessie thinks her mother is bossy and controlling. In this scenario, Jessie and her mother make ____ about each other's behavior. |
Dispositional attributions |
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____ allows us to brace ourselves for the inevitable end and, in many cases, plan ways of coping with it. |
Predictability |
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Dr. Diaz is a therapist who works with clients of many different cultural backgrounds. Her clients like the fact that she always considers their cultural background important to her therapeutic approach. Dr. Diaz is demonstrating ____. |
Multicultural competence |
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Priscilla is a psychologist. She is studying a group of people for their behaviors that make them unique. What will the definition for the term "personality" on her paper on the study? |
The person's reasonably stable pattern of emotions, motives, and demeanor |
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Influenza is caused by a virus. This virus is an example of disease-causing organisms called ____. |
Pathogens |
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____ is the state of being satisfied. |
Satiety |
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People with ____ are preoccupied with exaggerated or imagined physical defects; continuous hair pulling, and compulsive skin-picking. |
Body dysmorphic disorder |
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To ____ is to interpret negative events as being disastrous or to "blow out of proportion." |
Catastrophize |
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Talya, a girl from a wealthy family, is seen constantly mocking her not-so-fortunate classmates. Her class teacher believes that Talya derives her condescending tone from her parents, who display similar behavior toward poorer families. The class teacher is making a ____. |
Situational attribution |
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Ever since Mark and Tracy met each other at a party thrown by a mutual friend, they have been fascinated with each other. They care about each other deeply, and realize that they want a special relationship with each other for the rest of their lives. According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, their feelings are known as: |
Consummate love |
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____ is a demand made on an organism to adapt, cope, or adjust. |
Stress |
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____ refers to the reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives, and behavior that distinguish one person from another. |
Personality |
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According to the different kinds of social support, ____ involves listening to people's problems and expressing feelings of sympathy, caring, understanding, and reassurance. |
Emotional concern |
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The ____ functions according to the moral principle. |
Superego |
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Danny is reading a book in school. When he isn't looking, a girl steps on Danny's toe. The teacher, who observed this, believes the girl stepped on Danny's toe because she is malicious. In the context of social perception, the teacher is making a ____. |
Dispositional attribution |
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Stanley Milgram studied the factors that contribute to ____. |
Obedience to authority |
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Which of the following is a feature of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)? |
It contains cards with drawings that are subject to various interpretations. |
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____ developed the psychodynamic theory called analytical psychology. |
Carl Jung |
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The ____ is a central area on the underside of the hypothalamus that appears to function as a stop-eating center. |
Ventromedial nucleus |
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Which of the following is true of the evolutionary perspective of motivation? |
It states that instinctive behaviors are genetically transmitted. |
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When introducing himself to new people, Aaron says that he is a Catholic, Argentinean, and a grandfather of three. He defines himself in terms of these relationships that he maintains with other people. According to the sociocultural perspective on personality, this kind of description is characteristic of: |
Collectivists |
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____ is a process in psychological testing that checks out the scores, validity, and reliability of a test with people of various ages and from various groups. |
Standardization |
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The drive reduction theory of Hull states that: |
Hunger and pain trigger arousal and activate behavior |
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Daniella thinks she is extremely overweight despite having a normal body weight. She avoids eating food and recently has lost a lot of weight. Even after this, she continues to think that she is overweight. Which eating disorder is Daniella most likely suffering from? |
Anorexia nervosa |
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Karen Horney believed that the view that girls feel inferior to boys was based on ____. |
Western cultural prejudice |
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Alan works in a research laboratory. He owns a house, and he makes enough to sustain himself. Her has a large social circle and makes time to meet his friends at least once a week. However, Alan feels that he is capable of much more and can achieve a lot more things. He is striving to bring out the best within himself. In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Alan is trying to fulfill his ____. |
Self-actualization needs |
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Kathren repeatedly watches the recorded episodes of a TV show. She generally doesn't smile or show any expression while watching these. Once, while watching an episode, Kathren was asked to smile by her mom. When she watched the episode smiling throughout, she reported finding the episode more humorous, even though she had seen it several times earlier. This scenario supports the ____. |
Facial-feedback hypothesis |
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Prejudices act as cognitive filters through which people view the social world. People tend to think of people as "familiar" or "foreign" or "good" or "bad." Their feelings and reactions toward others may be biased by these perceptions. This source of prejudice is referred to as ____. |
Information processing deindividuation |
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____ is a condition in which the senses, thought, and movement are dulled. |
Stupor |
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Which of the following factors decreases the tendency to conform? |
Valuing being right over being liked |
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Which of the following is a feature of a child's motor development? |
It is dependent on brain maturation of the child |
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____ are excessive, irrational fears of specific objects or situations, such as spiders, snakes, or heights. |
Specific phobias |
