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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of psychology?
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-"study of the mind"
-Scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
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What is the difference between overt and convert?
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-Overt= behavior we can see, motions
-Convert= internal, feelings |
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Who was Wilhelm Wundt?
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-"father of psychology"
-Structuralism= reactions to stimuli, introspection (but problems like lying) |
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Who was Edward Titchener?
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-Renamed structuralism, analyzed structure of mental life
-But disagreed over observations, subjective |
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Who was William James?
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-Functionalism= broadened psychology
-Influenced by Darwin |
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Who was John Watson?
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Behavioralism= "father", introspection unscientific, must study behavior objectively, object to study the "mind"
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Who was Skinner?
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Radical behavioralism= deny mental processes exist (just behavior), studied reward/punishments with animals
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Who was Max Wertheimer?
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-Gestalt=able to make meaningful patterns in our minds
-whole is greater than the parts |
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Who was Freud?
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-Psychoanlysis=behavior influenced by unconscious wishes/desires
-Childhood affect on personality |
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What was humanism?
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-Rejected Freud
-Study unique aspect on personality of a person, innate goodness -Moslaw= studied ppl in good health, make use of talents and full capabilities |
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What the 4 ways humans establish belief?
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1. Authority
2. Tenacity= refusing to alter one's beliefs 3. A priori= w/o prior study, common sense 4. Science= empiricism |
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What is empirical sense?
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"Commonsense" beliefs are often wrong
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What are the 4 major research perspectives?
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-Biological= brain and nervous system
-Cognitive= mental processes (perception memory) -Behavioral= environmental events -Sociocultural= other people and culture/upbringing |
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What is hindsight bias?
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The tendency, after learning an outcome, to be overconfident in one's ability to have predicted it (seems obvious)
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What are the 3 types of descriptive methods?
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-Observational techniques= directly observes the behavior
-Case studies= studies an individual over a long period of time -Survey research= questionnaires and interviews to collect info |
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What is random sampling?
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Each individual in the population has an equal opportunity of being in the sample
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What is random assignment?
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Randomly assigning the participants to groups
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What are the roles of the independent/dependent variables?
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Independent variable was the hypothesized cause and is manipulated. Dependent is affected by independent
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What is an operational definition?
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Description of operations or procedures used to manipulate a variable
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What is the placebo effect?
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Improvement due to the expectation of improvement because of receiving treatment
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What is meta-analysis?
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Combines results for a large number of studies on one experimental question into one analysis to get a conclusion
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What are the measures of central tendency?
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Median, mean, and mode
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What are measures of variability?
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Range, standard deviation
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