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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Neuronal communication summary- Step 1 |
1. resting membrane potential (negative) |
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Neuronal communication summary- Step 2 |
2. Generation of action potential through depolarization |
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Neuronal communication summary- Step 3 |
3. unidirectional transmission through axons |
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Neuronal communication summary- Step 4 |
4. reach terminal button and synapse |
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Synapse |
action potential causes vesicles to open |
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Agonist |
mimics neurotransmitters, specifically the endorphins that affect mood and pain |
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Antagonist |
block neuronal transmission, however it does not stimulate the receptors |
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Central Nervous System |
Brain and spinal cord |
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Peripheral Nervous System |
nerve cells in the body which are not part of the CNS |
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Brain Stem |
Manages simple reflexes, autonomous but very primitive |
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Cerebellum |
Mostly involved in motor functions, independent and unconscious |
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Forebrain |
Two hemispheres: left and right -cerebral cortex -subcortical regions |
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Pituitary gland
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releases hormones |
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Hypothalamus |
controls pituitary gland |
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Thalamus |
controls senses, gateway to cortex |
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Hippocampus |
formation and consolidation of memories |
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Amygdala |
emotion and memory |
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Basal ganglia |
Planning and Movement |
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Cerebral cortex |
2 hemispheres 4 lobes |
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Occipital lobe |
primary visual cortex |
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Parietal lobe |
somatosensory cortex |
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Temporal lobe |
primary auditory cortex |
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Frontal lobe |
movement, planning |
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Corpus callosum |
connects left and right hemisphere |
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Threshold |
minimum amount of stimulation needed to detect stimulus 50% of the time |
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Sensory adaptation |
diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation |
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Transduction |
transformation of stimulation into action potential |
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Quantitive coding |
neurons fire more frequently when a stimulus is more intense (louder noise/ brighter light) |
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Qualitative coding |
receptors are tuned to a specific range of stimuli |
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Retina |
contains photoreceptors |
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Cones |
color vision day vision |
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Rods |
night vision |
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"what" pathway |
ventral pathway- from occipital to temporal lobe |
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"where" pathway |
dorsal pathway- from occipital to parietal lobe |
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Bottom-up process |
analysis that begins with sensory receptors and works up to level of brain and mind |
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Top-down process |
information processing influenced by higher thinking processes and expectations |
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Perception |
-top-down process -past experiences and expectations influence our perceptions |
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Gestalt psychology |
perception is not built from sensation but results from perceptual organization |
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"Best Guess Rule" |
describes how different elements in a scene tend to group together |
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Form perception |
figure ground grouping |
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figure ground |
tendency to organize stimuli into figure and background |
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grouping |
tendency to organize percept into meaningful form -proximity -similarity -continuity/closure |
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Depth perception |
monocular cues binocular cues |
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Monocular cues |
-rely on one eye -visual expansion -occlusion -relative size -texture gradient |
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Binocular cues |
-rely on retinal display -most important for depth perception -depth disparity -autostereogram |