Psychology 101 Chapter 6 (For Exam 2)

Front 1

acoustic memory

Back 1

Mental representations of stimuli as sounds.

Front 2

Brown-Peterson distractor technique

Back 2

(A method for)
determining how long unrehearsed info remains in STM.

Front 3

chunking

Back 3

Organizing individual stimuli so that they will be perceived as larger units of meaningful info.

Front 4

context-specific learning

Back 4

(see context-specific memory)

Front 5

context-specific memory

Back 5

Memories that are
helped or hindered by similarities
or differences bet the contexts in
which they're learned & recalled.

Front 6

elaborative rehearsal

Back 6

(A memorization method that)
RELATES new info to info already stored in memory.

Front 7

encoding

Back 7

The process of
putting info into a form that the memory system can accept & use.

Front 8

encoding specificity principle

Back 8

The ability of a cue to aid retrieval depends on how well it taps into info that was ORIGINALLY encoded.

Front 9

episodic memory

Back 9

Memory for events in one’s own past.

Front 10

explicit memory

Back 10

Info retrieved through a conscious effort to remember something.

Front 11

iconic memory

Back 11

The sensory register for visual information.

Front 12

immediate memory span

Back 12

The MAX # of items a person can recall perfectly after 1 presentation of the items.

Front 13

implicit memory

Back 13

The UNINTENTIONAL recollection and influence of prior experiences.

Front 14

info-processing model of memory

Back 14

A model that suggests that
info must pass through SENSORY memory, STM, and LTM in order to become firmly embedded in memory.

Front 15

levels-of-processing model of memory

Back 15

A model that suggests that
memory depends on the degree or depth to which we mentally process info.

Front 16

long-term memory (LTM)

Back 16

The stage of memory that
researchers believe has an unlimited capacity to store new info.

Front 17

maintenance rehearsal

Back 17

A memorization method
that involves repeating info OVER & OVER to keep it in memory.

Front 18

parallel distributed processing (PDP) models of memory

Back 18

Memory models in which new experiences are seen as changing one’s overall knowledge base.

Front 19

primacy effect

Back 19

A characteristic of memory in which
RECALL is particularly good for the first 2 or 3 items in a list.

Front 20

procedural knowledge

Back 20

A type of memory containing information about how to do things.

Front 21

procedural memory

Back 21

(see procedural knowledge)

Front 22

recall

Back 22

Retrieving information stored in memory.

Front 23

recency effect

Back 23

A characteristic of memory in which
RECALL is particularly good for the LAST FEW items in a list.

Front 24

recognition

Back 24

Awareness, based on retrieval cues, that particular info is in one’s memory.

Front 25

relearning method

Back 25

A method for measuring FORGETTING.

Front 26

retrieval

Back 26

The process of finding information stored in memory.

Front 27

retrieval cues

Back 27

Stimuli that allow or help people to recall information.

Front 28

schemas

Back 28

Mental representations of categories of objects, places, events, and people.

Front 29

selective attention

Back 29

The process of focusing mental resources on only part of the stimulus field.

Front 30

semantic memory

Back 30

Memory for generalized knowledge about the world.

Front 31

sensory registers

Back 31

Memory systems that briefly hold incoming information.

Front 32

short-term memory (STM)

Back 32

info normally lasts less than 20 seconds;
a component of working memory.

Front 33

spreading activation

Back 33

In semantic network theories of memory, explains how info is retrieved.

Front 34

state-dependent learning

Back 34

(see state-dependent memory)

Front 35

state-dependent memory

Back 35

Memory that is helped or hindered by similarities or differences in a person’s internal state during learning versus recall.

Front 36

storage

Back 36

The process of maintaining information in the memory system over time.

Front 37

transfer-appropriate processing model of memory

Back 37

A model that suggests that
memory depends on how the encoding process matches up w/what is later retrieved.

Front 38

visual memory

Back 38

Mental representations of stimuli as pictures.

Front 39

working memory

Back 39

Memory that allows us to
mentally work with, or manipulate, info being held in STM