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32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
avoidance conditioning
The process of learning particular responses that avoid an aversive stimulus.
classical conditioning
A procedure in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that triggers a reflexive response until the neutral stimulus alone comes to trigger a similar response.
cognitive map
A mental representation of the environment.
conditioned response (CR)
The response triggered by the conditioned stimulus.
conditioned stimulus (CS)
An originally neutral stimulus that now triggers a conditioned response.
discriminative conditioned stimuli
Stimuli that signal whether reinforcement is available if a certain response is made.
escape conditioning
The process of learning responses that stop an aversive stimulus.
extinction
The gradual disappearance of a conditioned response.
habituation
Reduced responsiveness to a repeated stimulus
higher order conditioning
CS comes to signal another CS that is already associated with an UCS
latent learning
Learning that is not demonstrated at the time it occurs.
law of effect
a response made in presence of a particular stimulus is rewarded, the same response is more likely to occur when that stimulus is encountered again.
learned helplessness
A process in which a person or animal stops trying to exert control after experience suggests that no control is possible.
learning
The modification of preexisting behavior and understanding.
negative reinforcers
The removal of unpleasant stimuli
observational learning (social learning)
Learning by watching the behavior of others.
operant
A response that has some effect on the world.
operant conditioning
responses are learned on the basis of their rewarding or punishing consequences.
partial reinforcement effect
(A phenomenon in which)
Behaviors learned under a PARTIAL reinforcement schedule are more difficult to extinguish than those learned on a CONTINOUS reinforcement schedule.
positive reinforcers
Stimuli that strengthen a response if they follow that response.
primary reinforcers
Events or stimuli that satisfy physiological needs basic to survival.
punishment
The presentation of an aversive stimulus or the removal of a pleasant one following some behavior.
reconditioning
The relearning of a conditioned response following extinction.
reinforcement
a particular response is made MORE LIKELY to recur.
reinforcement schedules
In operant conditioning, rules that determine how/when certain responses will be reinforced. They're usually based on the # of responses made (ratio schedules) or the amount of time since the last reinforced response (interval schedules).
reinforcer
A stimulus event that increases the probability that the response immediately preceding it will occur again.
shaping
The reinforcement of responses that come successively closer to some desired response.
spontaneous recovery
The temporary reappearance of a conditioned response after extinction.
stimulus discrimination
A process through which people learn to differentiate among similar stimuli and respond appropriately to each one.
stimulus generalization
A CR is triggered by stimuli similar to the original CS.
unconditioned response (UCR)
The automatic, unlearned, reflexive reaction to a stimulus.
unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
A stimulus that triggers a response without conditioning.