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200 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bipolar disorder
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A mood disorder marked by dramatic swings in mood , ranging from manic episodes top depressive episodes
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Psychological disorder
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A set of behavioral, emotional, and/ or cognitive symptoms that are significantly distressing or disabling in terms of social functioning, work, endeavors, and other aspects of life
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Bipolar disorder
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A mood disorder marked by dramatic swings in mood , ranging from manic episodes top depressive episodes
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Maladaptive behaviors
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behaviors or actions that run counter to what is in one’s own best interest
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Psychological disorder
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A set of behavioral, emotional, and/ or cognitive symptoms that are significantly distressing or disabling in terms of social functioning, work, endeavors, and other aspects of life
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Abnormal behavior
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behavior that is atypical, dysfunctional, distressful, and or deviant
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Maladaptive behaviors
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behaviors or actions that run counter to what is in one’s own best interest
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Insanity
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a legal determination of the degree to which a person is responsible for criminal behaviors
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Abnormal behavior
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behavior that is atypical, dysfunctional, distressful, and or deviant
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Stigma
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A negative attitude or opinion about a group of peoplebased on certain traits or characteristics
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Insanity
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a legal determination of the degree to which a person is responsible for criminal behaviors
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Cormorbidity
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The occurrence of two or more disorders at the same time
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Stigma
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A negative attitude or opinion about a group of peoplebased on certain traits or characteristics
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Medical model
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An approach suggesting that psychological disorders are illnesses that have underlying biological causes
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Cormorbidity
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The occurrence of two or more disorders at the same time
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Anxiety disorders
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A group of psychological disorders associated with extreme and or debilitating irrational fears
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Medical model
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An approach suggesting that psychological disorders are illnesses that have underlying biological causes
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Panic attack
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Sudden, extreme fear or discomfort that escalates quickly , often with no obvious trigger, and includes symptoms such as increased heart rate, sweating, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, lightheadedness, and fear of dying
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Anxiety disorders
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A group of psychological disorders associated with extreme and or debilitating irrational fears
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Specific phobia
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A psychological disorder that includes a distinct fear or anxiety in relation to an object or situation
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Panic attack
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Sudden, extreme fear or discomfort that escalates quickly , often with no obvious trigger, and includes symptoms such as increased heart rate, sweating, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, lightheadedness, and fear of dying
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Agoraphobia
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extreme fear of situations involving public transportation, open spaces, or other public settings
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Specific phobia
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A psychological disorder that includes a distinct fear or anxiety in relation to an object or situation
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Generalized anxiety disorder
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A psychological disorder characterized by an excessive amount of worry and anxiety about activities relating to family, health, school, and other aspects of daily life
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Agoraphobia
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extreme fear of situations involving public transportation, open spaces, or other public settings
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Obsessive-complusive disorder
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A psychological disorder characterized by obsessions and/or complusions that are time-consuming and cause a great deal of distress
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Generalized anxiety disorder
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A psychological disorder characterized by an excessive amount of worry and anxiety about activities relating to family, health, school, and other aspects of daily life
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Obsession
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A thought, an urge, or an image that happens repeatedly, is intrusive and unwelcome, aoften causes anxiety and distress
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Obsessive-complusive disorder
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A psychological disorder characterized by obsessions and/or complusions that are time-consuming and cause a great deal of distress
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Compulsion
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A behavior or “mental act” that a person repeats over and over in an effort to reduce anxiety
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Obsession
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A thought, an urge, or an image that happens repeatedly, is intrusive and unwelcome, aoften causes anxiety and distress
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Major depressive disorder
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A psychological disorder that includes at least one major depressive episode with symptoms such as depressed mood, problems with sleep and loss of energy
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Compulsion
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A behavior or “mental act” that a person repeats over and over in an effort to reduce anxiety
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Learned helplessness
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A tendency for people to believe they have no control over the consequences of their behaviors, resulting in passive behavior
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Major depressive disorder
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A psychological disorder that includes at least one major depressive episode with symptoms such as depressed mood, problems with sleep and loss of energy
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Manic episodes -
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States of continuous elation that are out of proportion to the setting, and include irritability, very high and sustained levels of energy, and an expansive mood
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Learned helplessness
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A tendency for people to believe they have no control over the consequences of their behaviors, resulting in passive behavior
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Schizophrenia -
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A disabling psychological disorder that can include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and abnormal psychomotor behavior
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Manic episodes
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States of continuous elation that are out of proportion to the setting, and include irritability, very high and sustained levels of energy, and an expansive mood
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Psychosis -
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Loss of contact with reality that is sever and chronic
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Schizophrenia
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A disabling psychological disorder that can include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and abnormal psychomotor behavior
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Delusions-
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Strange or false beliefs that a person firmly maintains even when presented with evidence to the contrary
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Psychosis
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Loss of contact with reality that is sever and chronic
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Hallucinations -
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perceptual-like experiences that an individual believes are real, but that are not evident to others
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Delusions
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Strange or false beliefs that a person firmly maintains even when presented with evidence to the contrary
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Negative symptoms-
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behaviors or characteristics that are limited or absent;includes social withdrawal, diminished speech, limited or no emotions, and loss of energy and follow up
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Hallucinations
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perceptual-like experiences that an individual believes are real, but that are not evident to others
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Diathesis-stress model -
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stress-vulnerability model, constitutional vulnerability
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Negative symptoms
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behaviors or characteristics that are limited or absent;includes social withdrawal, diminished speech, limited or no emotions, and loss of energy and follow up
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Dopamine hypothesis -
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a theory suggesting that the synthesis, release, and concentrations of the neurotransmitter dopamine play a role in schizophrenia
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Personality disorders –
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A group of psychological disorders that can include impairments in cognitions, emotional responses, interpersonal functioning, and impulse control
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Diathesis-stress model
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stress-vulnerability model, constitutional vulnerability
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Antisocial personality disorder –
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A psychological disorder distinguished by unethical behavior, deceitfulness, impulsivity, irritability, aggressiveness, disregard for others, and lack remorse
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Borderline personaility disorder –
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a psychological disorder distinguished by an incomplete sense of self, exreme self criticism, unstable emotions, and feelings of emptiness
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Dopamine hypothesis
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a theory suggesting that the synthesis, release, and concentrations of the neurotransmitter dopamine play a role in schizophrenia
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Dissociative disorders –
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Psychological disorders distinguished by disturbances in normal psychological functioning, may include problems with memory, identity, consciousness, perception, and motor control
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Dissociative amnesia –
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A psychological disorder marked by difficulty remembering important personal information and life events
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Personality disorders
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A group of psychological disorders that can include impairments in cognitions, emotional responses, interpersonal functioning, and impulse control
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Dissociative fugue –
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A condition in which a person with dissociative amnesia wanders about in a confused and unexpected manner
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Dissociative identity disorder –
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A psychological disorder that involves the occurrence of two or more distinct personalities within an individual
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Antisocial personality disorder
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A psychological disorder distinguished by unethical behavior, deceitfulness, impulsivity, irritability, aggressiveness, disregard for others, and lack remorse
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Borderline personality disorder
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a psychological disorder distinguished by an incomplete sense of self, exreme self criticism, unstable emotions, and feelings of emptiness
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Dissociative disorders
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Psychological disorders distinguished by disturbances in normal psychological functioning, may include problems with memory, identity, consciousness, perception, and motor control
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Dissociative amnesia
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A psychological disorder marked by difficulty remembering important personal information and life events
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Deinstitutionalization
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The mass movement of patients with psychological disorders out of mental institutions, and the attempt to reintegrate them into the community
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Biomedical therapy
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Drugs and other physical interventions that target the biological processes underlying psychological disorders primary goal is to reduce symptoms
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Dissociative fugue
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A condition in which a person with dissociative amnesia wanders about in a confused and unexpected manner
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Psychotherapy –
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Talk therapy, a treatment approach in which a client works with a mental health professional to reduce psychological symptoms and improve quality of life
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Behavior therapy –
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a type of therapy that focuses on behavioral change
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Dissociative identity disorder
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A psychological disorder that involves the occurrence of two or more distinct personalities within an individual
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Electric approach therapy –
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Drawing on multiple theories and approaches to therapy to tailor treatment for a client
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Free association –
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A psychoanalytic technique in which a patient says anything that comes to mind
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Deinstitutionalization
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The mass movement of patients with psychological disorders out of mental institutions, and the attempt to reintegrate them into the community
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Interpretation
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a psychoanalytic technique used to discover unconscious conflicts driving behavior
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Resistance
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A patient’s unwillingness to cooperate in therapy; assign of unconscious conflict
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Biomedical therapy
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Drugs and other physical interventions that target the biological processes underlying psychological disorders primary goal is to reduce symptoms
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Transference
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A type of resistance that occurs when a patient reacts to a therapist as if dealing with parents reacts to a therapist as if dealing with parents or other caregivers from childhood
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Psychodynamic therapy
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A type of insight therapy that incorporates core psychoanalytic themes, including the importance of unconscious conflicts and experiences from the past
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Humanistic therapy
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A type of insight therapy that emphasizes the positive nature of humankind
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Psychotherapy
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Talk therapy, a treatment approach in which a client works with a mental health professional to reduce psychological symptoms and improve quality of life
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Person-centered therapy
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a form of humanistic therapy developed by Rogers aimed at helping clients achieve their full potential
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Nondirective
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A technique used in person-centered therapy wherin the therapist follows the lead of the client during treatment sessions
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Behavior therapy
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a type of therapy that focuses on behavioral change
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Therapeutic alliance
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A warm and accepting client-therapist relationship that serves as a safe place for self-exploration
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Empathy
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The ability to feel what a person is experiencing by attempting to observe the world through the client’s eyes
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Electric approach therapy
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Drawing on multiple theories and approaches to therapy to tailor treatment for a client
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Genuiness
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The ability to respond to a client in an authentic way rather than hiding behind a polite or professional mask
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Active listening
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The ability to pick up on the content and mentions behind words in order to understand a client’s perspective, often by echoing the main point of what the client says
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Free association
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A psychoanalytic technique in which a patient says anything that comes to mind
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Exposure
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A therapeutic technique that brings a person into contact with a feared object or situation while in a safe environment, with the goal of extinguishing or eliminating the fear response
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Systematic desensitization
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A treatment that combines anxiety hierarchies with relation techniques
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Interpretation
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a psychoanalytic technique used to discover unconscious conflicts driving behavior
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Aversion therapy
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Therapeutic approach that uses the principle of classical conditioning to link problematic behaviors to unpleasant physical reactions
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Behavior modification
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Therapeutic approach in which behaviors are shaped through reinforcement and punishment
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Resistance
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A patient’s unwillingness to cooperate in therapy; assign of unconscious conflict
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Token economy
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A treatment approach that uses behavior modification to harness the power of reinforcement to encourage good behavior
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Cognitive therapy
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A type of therapy aimed at addressing the maladaptive thinking that leads to maladaptive behaviors and feelings
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Transference
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A type of resistance that occurs when a patient reacts to a therapist as if dealing with parents reacts to a therapist as if dealing with parents or other caregivers from childhood
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Overgeneralization
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A cognitive distortion that assumes self-contained events will have major repercussions
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Psychodynamic therapy
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A type of insight therapy that incorporates core psychoanalytic themes, including the importance of unconscious conflicts and experiences from the past
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Rational emotive behavior therapy REBT
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A type of cognitive therapy developed by Ellis, that identifies illogical thoughts and converts them into rational ones
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Cognitive behavioral therapy
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An action-oriented type of therapy that requires clients to confront and resist their illogical thinking
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Humanistic therapy
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A type of insight therapy that emphasizes the positive nature of humankind
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Family therapy
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A type of therapy that focuses on the family as an integrated system, recognizing that the interactions within it can create instability or lead to the breakdown of the family unit
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Antidepressant drugs
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Psychotropic medications used for the treatment of depression
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Person-centered therapy
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a form of humanistic therapy developed by Rogers aimed at helping clients achieve their full potential
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Mood-stabilizing drugs
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Psychotropic medications that minimize the lows of depression and the highs of mania
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Antipsychotic drugs
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Psychotrpic medication used in the treatment of psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions
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Nondirective
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A technique used in person-centered therapy wherin the therapist follows the lead of the client during treatment sessions
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Antianxiety drugs
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Psychotropic medications used for treating the symptoms of anxiety
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Electroconvulsive therapy
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A biomedical treatment of severe depression that induces seizures in the brain through electrical currents
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Therapeutic alliance
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A warm and accepting client-therapist relationship that serves as a safe place for self-exploration
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Neurosurgery
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A biomedical therapy that involves the destruction of some portion of the brain or connections between different areas of the brain
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e-therapy
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A category of treatment that utilizes the internet to provide support and therapy
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Empathy
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The ability to feel what a person is experiencing by attempting to observe the world through the client’s eyes
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Social psychology
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The study of human cognition, emotion, and behavior in relation to others, including how people behave in social settings
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Genuiness
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The ability to respond to a client in an authentic way rather than hiding behind a polite or professional mask
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Social cognition
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The way people think about others, attend to social information, and use this information in their lives, both consciously and unconsciously
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Attributions
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Beliefs one develops to explain human behaviors and characteristics, as well as situations
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Active listening
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The ability to pick up on the content and mentions behind words in order to understand a client’s perspective, often by echoing the main point of what the client says
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Situational attribution
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A belief that some environment factor is involved in the cause of an event or activity
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Exposure
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A therapeutic technique that brings a person into contact with a feared object or situation while in a safe environment, with the goal of extinguishing or eliminating the fear response
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Dispositional attribution
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A belief that some characteristic of an individual is involved in the cause of a situation, event, or activity
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Fundamental attribution error
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The tendency to overestimate the degree to which the characterisitics of an individual are the cause of an event, and to underestimate the involvement of situational factors
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Systematic desensitization
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A treatment that combines anxiety hierarchies with relation techniques
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Just-world hypothesis
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The tendency to believe the world is fair place and individuals generally get what they deserve
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Self-serving bias
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The tendency to attribute successes to personal characteristics and failures to environmental factors
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Aversion therapy
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Therapeutic approach that uses the principle of classical conditioning to link problematic behaviors to unpleasant physical reactions
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False consensus effect
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The tendency to overestimate the degree to which others think or act like we do
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Attitudes
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The relatively stable thoughts, feelings, and responses one has toward people situations, ideas, and things
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Behavior modification
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Therapeutic approach in which behaviors are shaped through reinforcement and punishment
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Cognitive dissonance
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A state of tension that results when behaviors are inconsistent with attitudes
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Social influence
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How a person is affected by others as evidenced in behaviors, emotions, and cognition
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Persuasion
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intentionally trying to make people change their attitudes and beliefs which may lead to changes in their behaviors
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Token economy
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A treatment approach that uses behavior modification to harness the power of reinforcement to encourage good behavior
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Compliance
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Changes in behavior at the request or direction of another person or group, who in general do not have any true authority
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Foot-in-the door technique
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A compliance technique that involves making a small request first, followed by a larger request
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Cognitive therapy
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A type of therapy aimed at addressing the maladaptive thinking that leads to maladaptive behaviors and feelings
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Door-in-the-face technique
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A compliance technique that involves making a larger request first, followed by a smaller request
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Conformity
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The urge to modify behaviors attitudes, beliefs, and opinions to match those of others
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Overgeneralization
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A cognitive distortion that assumes self-contained events will have major repercussions
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Norms
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Standards of the social environment
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Obedience
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Changing behavior because we have been ordered to do so by an authority figure
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Rational emotive behavior therapy REBT
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A type of cognitive therapy developed by Ellis, that identifies illogical thoughts and converts them into rational ones
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Social facilitation
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The tendency for the presence of others to improve personal performance when the task or event is fairly uncomplicated and a person is adequately prepared
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Social loafing
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The tendency for people to make less than their best effort when individual contributions are too complicated to measure
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Diffusion of responsibility
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The sharing of duties and responsibilities among all group members that can lead to feelings of decreased accountability and motivation
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Cognitive behavioral therapy
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An action-oriented type of therapy that requires clients to confront and resist their illogical thinking
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Deindividuation
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The diminished sense of personal responsibility, inhibition, or adherence to social norms that occurs when group members are not treated as individuals
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Risky shift
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The tendency for groups to recommend uncertain and risky options
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Family therapy
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A type of therapy that focuses on the family as an integrated system, recognizing that the interactions within it can create instability or lead to the breakdown of the family unit
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Group polarization
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The tendency for a group to take a more extreme stance than originally held after deliberations and discussion
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Groupthink
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The tendency for group members to maintain cohesiveness and agreement in their decision making, failing to consider all possible alternatives and related viewpoints
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Antidepressant drugs
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Psychotropic medications used for the treatment of depression
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Bystander effect
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The tendency for people to avoid getting involved in an emergency they witness because they assume someone else will help
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Aggression
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Intimidating or threatening behavior or attitudes intended to hur someone
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Mood-stabilizing drugs
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Psychotropic medications that minimize the lows of depression and the highs of mania
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Frustration-aggression hypothesis
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Suggests that aggression hypothesis may occur in response to frustersation
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Sterotypes
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Conclusions or inferences we make about people who are different from us based on their group membership, such as race, religion, age, or gender
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Antipsychotic drugs
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Psychotrpic medication used in the treatment of psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions
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In-group
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The group to which we belong
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Out-group
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People outside the group to which we belong
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Social identity
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How we view ourselves within our social group
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Antianxiety drugs
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Psychotropic medications used for treating the symptoms of anxiety
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Ethnocentrism
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To see the world only from the perspective of one’s own group
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Discrimination
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Showing favoritisms or hostility to others because of their affiliation with a group
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Electroconvulsive therapy
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A biomedical treatment of severe depression that induces seizures in the brain through electrical currents
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Scapegoat
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A target of negative emotions, beliefs, and behaviors, typically a member of the out-group who receives blame for an upsetting social situation
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Prejudice
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Holding hostile or negative attitudes toward an individual or group
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Neurosurgery
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A biomedical therapy that involves the destruction of some portion of the brain or connections between different areas of the brain
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Stereotype threat
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A “situation threat” in which individuals are aware of others in which individuals are aware of others negative expectations, which leads to their fear that they will be judged and/or treated as inferior
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Social roles
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The positions we hold in social groups, and the responsibilities and expectations associated with those roles
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e-therapy
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A category of treatment that utilizes the internet to provide support and therapy
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Altruism
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A desire or motivation to help others with no expectation of anything in return
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Interpersonal attraction
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The factors that lead us to form friendships or romantic relationships with others
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Social psychology
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The study of human cognition, emotion, and behavior in relation to others, including how people behave in social settings
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Proximity
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Nearness, plays an important role in the formation of relationships
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Mere-exposure effect
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The more we are exposed to someone or something, the more positive a reaction we have toward it
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Social cognition
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The way people think about others, attend to social information, and use this information in their lives, both consciously and unconsciously
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Romantic love
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Love that is a combination of connection, concern, care, and intimacy
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Passionate love
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love that is based on zealous emotion, leading to intense longing and sexual attraction
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Attributions
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Beliefs one develops to explain human behaviors and characteristics, as well as situations
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Companionate love
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love that consists of profound fondness, camaraderie, understanding, and emotional closeness
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Consummate love
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love that combines intimacy, commitment, and passion
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Situational attribution
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A belief that some environment factor is involved in the cause of an event or activity
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Dispositional attribution
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A belief that some characteristic of an individual is involved in the cause of a situation, event, or activity
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Fundamental attribution error
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The tendency to overestimate the degree to which the characterisitics of an individual are the cause of an event, and to underestimate the involvement of situational factors
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Just-world hypothesis
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The tendency to believe the world is fair place and individuals generally get what they deserve
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Self-serving bias
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The tendency to attribute successes to personal characteristics and failures to environmental factors
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False consensus effect
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The tendency to overestimate the degree to which others think or act like we do
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Attitudes
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The relatively stable thoughts, feelings, and responses one has toward people situations, ideas, and things
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Cognitive dissonance
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A state of tension that results when behaviors are inconsistent with attitudes
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Social influence
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How a person is affected by others as evidenced in behaviors, emotions, and cognition
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Persuasion
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intentionally trying to make people change their attitudes and beliefs which may lead to changes in their behaviors
|
|
Compliance
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Changes in behavior at the request or direction of another person or group, who in general do not have any true authority
|
|
Foot-in-the door technique
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A compliance technique that involves making a small request first, followed by a larger request
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|
Door-in-the-face technique
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A compliance technique that involves making a larger request first, followed by a smaller request
|
|
Conformity
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The urge to modify behaviors attitudes, beliefs, and opinions to match those of others
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Norms
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Standards of the social environment
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Obedience
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Changing behavior because we have been ordered to do so by an authority figure
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