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77 Cards in this Set

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Established the first Psychology laboratory at the Univeristy of Leipzig, Germany

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

Used introspection to search for the mind's structural elements

Edward Bradford Titchener (1879-1939)

The first woman to receive a psychology Ph.D.

Margaret Floy Washburn (1879-1939)

Synthesized animal behavior research in "The Animal Mind" (1908)

Margaret Floy Washburn

Legendary teacher-writer who authored an important 1890 psychology text

William James

A pioneering memory researcher and the first woman to be the president of the Amedican Psychology Association

Mary Calkins

APA

American Psychology Association

Denied a degree from the school of graduation because she was a woman and refused a degree from the sister school.

Calkins

The second female president of the APA in 1921

Margaret Floy Washburn

Championed psychology as the scientific study of behavior

John B. Watson

Psychologists who did a controversial study on a baby known as "Little Albert" that found that fear could be learned.

John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner

This leading behaviorist rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior

B.F. Skinner

The controversial ideas of this famed personality theorist and therapist have influenced humanity's self understanding

Sigmund Freud

Theorized about learning and memory, motivation, and emotion, perception and and personality

Aristotle

Aimed to discover the mind's structure by engaging people in self-reflective introspection

Bradford Titchner

A somewhat unreliable means of looking inward

Introspection

Discovering the mind's structure

Structuralism

Functions of our thoughts and feelings

Functionalism

Tested functionalism

William James

Under the influence of Charles Darwin, he assumed that thinking was adaptive to help survive and reproduce

William James

Studied down-to-earth emotions, memories, willpower, habits, and moment-to-moment streams of consciousness

William James

Functionalism

Wrote "Principles of Psychology"

William James

They focused on inner sensations, images and feelings

Wundt and Titchener

2 people

Emphasized the ways our unconscious mind and childhood experiences affect our behavior

Freudian psychology

Found behaviorism and Freudian psychology too limiting. Led by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Humanistic psychology

Focuses on our needs for love and acceptance and in environments that nurture or limit personal growth

Humanistic psychology

The scientific study if observable behavior

Behaviorism

Science of the mind; how we perceive, process, and remember information and how thinking and emotion interact with anxiety, depression, and other disorders

Cognitive Psychology

Science of the brain

Neuroscience

Studies the brain activity underlying mental activity

Cognitive Neuroscience

The science of behavior and mental processes

Psychology

Sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, feelings

Mental Processes

Any action an organism does that can be observed and recorded

Behavior

Assumed that we inherit character and intelligence and that certain ideas are inborn

The Greek Philosopher Plato

Said that there is nothing in the mind that does not first come in from the external world through the senses

Aristotle

From among chance variations, nature selects traits that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment

Natural Selection

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make the development of psychological traits and behaviors

Nature-nuture issue

The study of evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection

Evolutionary Psychology

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

Behavior Genetics

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

Culture

The scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

Positive Psychology

The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural for analyzing any given phenomenon

Levels of Analysis

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

Biopsychological Approach

Influenced by social-cultural influences, psychological influences, and biological influences.

Behavior or mental process

Genetic predispositions (genetically influenced traits)

Biological influence

Genetic mutations (random errors in gene replication)

Biological influence

Natural selection of adaptive traits and behaviors passed down through generations

Biological influence

Genes responding to the environment

Biological influence

Learned fears and other learned expectations

Psychological influence

Emotional responses

Psychological influences

Cognitive processing and perceptual interpretations

Psychological influence

Presence if others

Social-cultural influence

Cultural, societal, and family expectations

Social-cultural influence

Peer and other group influences

Social-cultural influence

Compelling models (such as in the media)

Social-cultural influence

3 "branches" of behavior or mental process

Biological, psychological, and social-cultural influences

How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences

Neuroscience

How the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes

Evolutionary

How our genes and our environment influence our individual differences

Behavior Genetics

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

Psychodynamic

How we learn observable responses

Behavioral

How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information

Cognitive

How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures

Social-cultural

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Basic research

Explores the links between body and mind

Biological psychology

Studies our changing abilities from womb to tomb

Developmental psychology

Experiences how we perceive, think, and solve problems

Cognitive psychology

Investigates how our persistent traits.

Personality psychology

Explores how we view and affect one another

Social psychology

Uses psychology's concepts and methods in the workplace to help organizations and companies select and train employees, boost morale and productivity, design products, and implement systems

Industrial-organizational psychology

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Applied research

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being

Counseling psychology

A branch of psychology that studies and treats people with psychological disorders

Clinical psychology

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who are licensed to provide medical (for example,drug) treatments and well as psychological therapy

Psychiatry

A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

Community Psychology

Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information. Also referred to as retrieval practice effect or test-enhanced learning

Testing effect

A study method incorporating five steps: survey, question, read, retrieve, review

SQ3R